圓極化矩形微帶天線設(shè)計與分析

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摘要 微帶天線由于它的重量輕、剖面小、容易共形、設(shè)計較靈活、成本較低且容易易和等電路相集成等優(yōu)點(diǎn)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，比如導(dǎo)彈導(dǎo)航、雷達(dá)、衛(wèi)星通信等方面。圓極化天線由于對接收電磁波極化方向不敏感，所以將其廣泛應(yīng)用于移動通信當(dāng)中。Ansoft HFSS 是世界上第一個商業(yè)化的三維結(jié)構(gòu)電磁場仿真軟件，廣泛應(yīng)用于無線和有線通信、計算機(jī)、衛(wèi)星、雷達(dá)和微波集成電路、航空航天等領(lǐng)域。本課題的研究內(nèi)容主要是基于微帶貼片天線結(jié)構(gòu)，使用HFSS的優(yōu)化功能進(jìn)行建模設(shè)計，仿真及優(yōu)化2.45GHz頻段的微帶縫隙天線，并對其當(dāng)中的一些主要特性進(jìn)行分析。
論文首先回顧了微帶天線的發(fā)展史，紹了它的結(jié)構(gòu)、缺點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用，后給出了微帶天線的幾種分析方法：括傳輸線模擬法、腔模型法、全波分析法等，介紹了微帶天線圓極化的原理和實(shí)現(xiàn)方法以及微帶天線的饋電方式。然后在HFSS創(chuàng)建一個圓極化矩形微帶天線，分析其中各項(xiàng)參數(shù)影響天線性能以及與它之間的關(guān)系，包括：輻射貼片長度Lc、同軸饋電點(diǎn)離貼片中心的距離L1、介質(zhì)基片厚度H、1/4工作波長length，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)圓極化天線，進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化仿真，查看優(yōu)化后的天線性能，包括S11、Smith圓圖、二維增益方向圖、三維增益方向圖、并達(dá)到了理想的效果。

關(guān)鍵詞 圓極化天線 微帶天線 HFSS 饋電方式 優(yōu)化仿真

Design and Analysis of Circularly polarized microstrip antenna
ABSTRACT Microstrip antenna due to its light weight, small profile, easy to conformal, flexible design, low cost and easy integration and other circuits, etc. has been more widely used, such as missile guidance, radar, satellite communications, and so on. Because of the circular-polarization antenna receives an electromagnetic wave polarization direction is not sensitive to which widely used in mobile communication. Ansoft HFSS is the world's first commercial three-dimensional structure of electromagnetic simulation software, widely used in wireless and wired communications, computers, satellites, radar, microwave integrated circuits and semiconductors, aerospace and other fields. The main contents of this paper is based on microstrip patch antenna structure using HFSS optimization features microwave engineering design, simulation and optimization 2.45GHz band microstrip slot antenna, and analyze its characteristics.
Paper first reviews the history of the microstrip antenna, Shao its structure, shortcomings and applications, gives the microstrip antenna after several analytical methods: including transmission line method, the cavity model method, equation method, introduced micro-feed method with circularly polarized antenna theory and implementation methods, and microstrip antennas. Then create a circularly polarized rectangular microstrip antenna HFSS, wherein the analysis of the parameters affecting its performance, and the relationship between the antenna, such as: the radiation patch length Lc, the coaxial feeding point from the patch center distance L1, dielectric substrate thickness H, 1/4 wavelength length, in order to achieve circular polarization antenna optimized simulation, view the optimized antenna performance, including S11, Smith chart, the two-dimensional gain pattern, three-dimensional gain pattern, and achieve the desired results.
KEY WORDS Circularly polarized rectangular microstrip antenna microstrip antenna HFSS Feeding methods Optimization and Simulation

目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景及意義 1
1.3微帶天線的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 2
1.4微帶天線的應(yīng)用 3
第二章 圓極化微帶天線的基本理論 4
2.1微帶天線的輻射機(jī)理 4
2.2微帶天線的激勵方法 4
2.3圓極化微帶天線的基本理論 6
2.4本章小結(jié) 8
第三章 微帶天線小型化技術(shù)及分析方法 9
3.1微帶天線的小型化技術(shù) 9
3.1.1 高介電常數(shù)法 9
3.1.2 短路加載法 9
3.1.3 曲流法 10
3.2微帶天線的常見分析方法 10
3.2.1傳輸線模型理論 11
3.2.2腔模理論 11
3.2.3全波分析理論 12
3.3本章小結(jié) 12
第四章 HFSS仿真分析方法 13
4.1 Ansoft HFSS 的概述 13
4.2 HFSS的特點(diǎn) 14
4.4設(shè)置解算類型 18
4.5邊界條件 19
4.6本章小結(jié) 20
第五章 圓極化微帶天線仿真分析與優(yōu)化 21
5.1圓極化天線的模型結(jié)構(gòu) 21
5.2圓極化天線的建模和仿真 22
5.2.1 HFSS建模過程 22
5.2.2圓極化天線的仿真結(jié)果 24
5.3不同的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對圓極化天線性能的影響 25
5.3.1輻射貼片長度Lc對天線性能的影響 25
5.3.2饋電點(diǎn)到輻射貼片中心的距離L1對天線性能的影響 26
5.3.3介質(zhì)基片H對天線性能的影響 27
5.3.4 1/4個工作波長length對天線性能的影響 28
5.4圓極化天線的優(yōu)化設(shè)計 29
5.5查看優(yōu)化后天線性能 32
5.6本章小結(jié) 36
第六章 結(jié)論與展望 37
參考文獻(xiàn) 38