概率論在生活中的應(yīng)用

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摘要：概率論作為數(shù)學(xué)的一個(gè)重要分支，在生活中的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛,逐漸滲透到我們生活的方方面面。 實(shí)際生活中，它的應(yīng)用范圍很廣,包括保險(xiǎn)、工程技術(shù)、 天氣預(yù)測(cè)、軍事和工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)等領(lǐng)域。經(jīng)過(guò)不斷的發(fā)展,學(xué)科本身的理論和方法日趨成熟。近年來(lái), 概率論知識(shí)也越來(lái)越多的運(yùn)用到諸如物理學(xué)、生物學(xué)、信息論等學(xué)科領(lǐng)域當(dāng)中。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，概率知識(shí)的應(yīng)用范圍將會(huì)變得更加深入，也會(huì)越來(lái)越緊密的聯(lián)系著我們的生活。加強(qiáng)應(yīng)用概率論知識(shí)，會(huì)給我們的生活帶來(lái)很多方便之處。正如拉普拉斯所說(shuō)：“生活中最重要的問(wèn)題，其中絕大多數(shù)在實(shí)質(zhì)上只是概率的問(wèn)題?！北疚氖紫冉榻B概率的起源，簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明概率論發(fā)展過(guò)程。接著闡述概率論中的相關(guān)知識(shí)，以便為實(shí)際運(yùn)用這些知識(shí)做好準(zhǔn)備。最后，舉例說(shuō)明概率論在日常生活中的一些具體應(yīng)用，進(jìn)行多方面的論述概率論對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活所起的作用。
關(guān)鍵詞：概率論 起源 發(fā)展 應(yīng)用


Application of probability theory in our life
Abstract：Probability theory， as an important branch of mathematics, is playing a more and more important role in the application of our life ，and is penetrating into every aspect of our lives gradually. In the real life, its application range is very wide, including insurance, engineering, weather forecast, military and industrial and agricultural production. In recent years, the theory of probability knowledge is also more and more applied to fields such as physics, biology and information theory. Through continuous development, the theory and method of subject mature. With the development of the society, the application range of the probability knowledge will be more in-depth and will be more and more closely linked with our life .Strengthening the application of probability theory knowledge can bring many conveniences to our life. As Laplace said “the most important problems ，the most of which are actually the problems of probability”. This paper firstly introduces the origin of the probability and briefly explains the process of development of probability theory. Then the paper states the knowledge of probability theory, in order to prepare for the practical application of this knowledge. Finally, the paper illustrates some of the specific applications of probability theory in everyday life, which is to discuss various aspects of probability theory on the role of real life.

Keywords：Probability Theory Origin Developing Application


目錄

引言 1
第一章 緒論 2
1.1概率的起源 2
1.2概率理論的發(fā)展 3
1.3概率論發(fā)展與生活的關(guān)系 5
第二章.有關(guān)的概率論知識(shí) 8
2.1總體，個(gè)體，樣本，抽樣 8
2.1.1.總體與個(gè)體 8
2.1.2 樣本與抽樣 8
2.1.3抽樣方法 9
2.2獨(dú)立事件 ，二項(xiàng)分布與泊松分布 12
2.2.1獨(dú)立事件 12
2.2.2二項(xiàng)分布與泊松分布 12
2.3概率與頻率間的關(guān)系 14
2.3.1概率與頻率的定義 14
2.3.2概率與頻率間的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別 17
第三章 概率論在生活中的應(yīng)用 19
3.1概率論在抽樣調(diào)查上的應(yīng)用 19
3.2概率論在生日問(wèn)題上的應(yīng)用 23
3.3概率論在彩票預(yù)測(cè)上的應(yīng)用 25
3.4概率論在經(jīng)濟(jì)管理上的應(yīng)用 28
結(jié)束 30
致謝 31
參考文獻(xiàn) 32