西北地區(qū)中小企業(yè)的融資問題研究

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摘 要
改革開放以來，我國中小企業(yè)得到迅猛發(fā)展，已經(jīng)成為國民經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分，是我國經(jīng)濟實現(xiàn)有效增長的主要推動力量，中小企業(yè)在滿足人們個性化和多樣化需求、進行科技創(chuàng)新、實現(xiàn)社會化專業(yè)協(xié)作、培養(yǎng)企業(yè)家、保持社會穩(wěn)定和促進國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展等方面具有重要的作用。在我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展當中，中小企業(yè)扮演著重要的角色，是推動國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要力量。但是中小企業(yè)力量小，資金困難也逐漸的顯露了出來。西北地區(qū)中小企業(yè)是西北經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的動力之源，是西北創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新的主要載體。然而西北中小企業(yè)發(fā)展緩慢，資金問題是制約中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的關鍵，而中小企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的過程中出現(xiàn)的融資難、貸款難、擔保難的問題都是資金問題的體現(xiàn)，這些是融資難的主要原因，而銀行的制度約束、政府缺乏支持及現(xiàn)存的社會環(huán)境，這些因素使得中小企業(yè)融資更加困難。提升企業(yè)素質，改革現(xiàn)有的金融體制，發(fā)揮政府的引導作用，培育良好的社會信用環(huán)境，是緩解中小企業(yè)融資難的主要對策。探索中小企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀和問題，發(fā)現(xiàn)融資難的根源并找到解決問題的對策具有一定的現(xiàn)實意義。

關鍵詞：西北地區(qū) 中小企業(yè) 融資問題


ABSTRACT
Since the reform and opening, our country small and medium-sized enterprises get rapid development, has become an important part of national economy, is the main driving force to realize effective economic growth in China, small and medium-sized enterprises in meet the demand of individuation and diversification, scientific and technological innovation and realize the socialization of the professional collaboration, training the entrepreneur, maintaining the social stability and promote national economic development plays an important role. In our country, the development of socialist market economy, small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) play an important role, it is an important force to promote the development of national economy. But small and medium-sized enterprises small, financial difficulties are gradually exposed. The northwest region of small and medium-sized enterprise is the source of power in the development of the northwest economy, is the main carrier of northwest entrepreneurial innovation. Northwest of small and medium-sized enterprise development is slow, however, money is the key to restricting development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) in the process of production and operation, the difficulty of financing, loan, guarantee is the embodiment of the funding problems, these are the main reasons of financing difficulties, but the bank's institutional constraints, the lack of government support and the existing social conditions, these factors make it harder for the small and medium-sized enterprise financing. Improve enterprise quality, reform the existing financial system, give play to the role of the government's guidance, foster a good social credit environment, is the main countermeasures to ease the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. Explore the small and medium-sized enterprise financing present situation and problems, find the root of the financing difficulties and find the countermeasures to solve the problem has certain practical significance.

Key words: The northwest region smes Financing problems
目 錄

前言 1
1 中小企業(yè)融資概述 2
1.1 中小企業(yè)的界定 2
1.2 我國西北地區(qū)中小企業(yè)的特點 2
1.3 中小企業(yè)融資概述 2
1.3.1 中小企業(yè)融資渠道和方式 3
1.3.2 中小企業(yè)融資結構特點 3
2 我國西北地區(qū)中小企業(yè)的融資現(xiàn)狀分析 3
2.1 融資成本偏高 3
2.2 融資渠道狹窄 3
2.3 內源融資占比重高，但規(guī)模小 4
2.4直接融資渠道不暢 5
2.5間接融資難 5
2.6 企業(yè)自身積累不足 6
2.7 證券融資所占比重有限 6
3 我國西北地區(qū)中小企業(yè)融資難的成因分析 7
3.1 內部因素 7
3.1.1 管理理念落后 7
3.1.2 企業(yè)自身盈利不強 7
3.1.3 員工素質不高 8
3.1.4 抵押資產(chǎn)少，融資擔保難 9
3.1.5企業(yè)內部控制薄弱 9
3.1.6信用等級偏低 9
3.2外部因素 10
3.2.1缺乏完整的政策體系 10
3.2.2缺乏為中小企業(yè)服務的專有商業(yè)銀行 10
3.2.3缺少必要的金融擔保機構 10
4我國西北地區(qū)中小企業(yè)融資問題的解決措施 10
4.1提高自身融資能力 10
4.1.1 增強中小企業(yè)內源融資能力、優(yōu)化融資結構 10
4.1.2加強內部信用制度和擔保體系建設 11
4.1.3提高核心競爭力 11
4.2優(yōu)化融資外部環(huán)境，建立西北多元化融資平臺 11
4.2.1 積極發(fā)揮政府服務作用，創(chuàng)新民間融資途徑 11
4.2.2 中小企業(yè)捆綁集群，債券融資的創(chuàng)新之舉 12
4.2.3關系型融資，西北中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的長效融資機制 12
4.2.4“梯形融資模式”，開辟中小企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略融資 12
4.2.5 “ 中小企業(yè)融資超市”，中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的供血站 12
4.2.6完善金融服務體系 13
結束語 17
參考文獻 18
致謝 19