摘要
燃料電池是一種能將儲存在燃料和氧化劑中的化學能直接轉化成電能的發(fā)電裝置，
具有能量密度高、轉換效率高和噪音低等優(yōu)點，被視為未來化石能源的重要替代品。燃
料電池與常規(guī)電池特性不同，在燃料電池研究過程中一套專用的性能測量儀器是必不可
少的。本文根據(jù)課題需求，對直接甲醇燃料電池(DMFC)性能測試系統(tǒng)的功能需求和
組成原理進行了深入研究，設計并集成了直接甲醇燃料電池測試系統(tǒng)。
根據(jù)DMFC反應物供給需求，改進設計并制作了陽極反應物甲醇溶液供給子系統(tǒng)
和陰極反應物氧氣供給子系統(tǒng)。液體供給系統(tǒng)增加了蠕動泵，擴展了系統(tǒng)可供給液體的
流量范圍，改進設計了加熱模塊提高了大流量下溫度控制的速度和精度;氣體供給系統(tǒng)
分為氧氣/空氣供給和氫氣供給兩部分，氧氣/空氣的供給采用自適應PID控制的方式，
以比例流量閥作為執(zhí)行器控制供氣流量;氫氣供給部分使用手動流量閥控制氫氣的流
量，保證氫氣使用的安全性。
根據(jù)DMFC性能監(jiān)測的需求，設計實現(xiàn)了功率測試儀和串聯(lián)燃料電池組各單體電
池性能監(jiān)測子系統(tǒng)。使用功率測試儀實時測量燃料電池電路特定工作點電壓、電流，計
算燃料電池輸出功率與效率;設計了串聯(lián)燃料電池組各單體電池性能監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，使用模
擬開關陣列切換選通每節(jié)單體電池，循環(huán)監(jiān)測其工作點確保電池組安全運行。使用Visual
C++軟件編寫了上位機程序，接收、顯示、存儲測量數(shù)據(jù)。
在保證各子系統(tǒng)工作正常的情況下，將制作完成的四個子系統(tǒng)和已購買的電子負
載、電化學工作站、工業(yè)控制計算機合理的布局在儀器柜。各模塊聯(lián)合調試，最終形成
一套完整的DMFC性能測試系統(tǒng)。通過實驗驗證本系統(tǒng)可以滿足課題組研制的直接甲
醇燃料電池(組)的性能測試工作，且系統(tǒng)具有良好的可擴展性。
關鍵詞:燃料電池;DMFC;燃料供給;性能測試;集成
直接甲醇燃料電池測試系統(tǒng)集成及實驗研究
IntegrationofDireetMethanolFuelCellTestingSystemand
EXPerimentalStudy
AbstraCt
Flleleell15aneleetroehemicaldevieethateonvertsehemicalenergyoffuelandoxygento
electriePower.Fuelcell15consideredtobeamainsubstituteforfossilenergyresourees
becauseofitsadvantagessuchashighenergydensity， higheffieieneyeonversionandlownoise.
AnexelusivesetofequiPmentforPerformaneetest15neededinstudyoffuelcell，beeause
eharacteristiesoffueleellareverydifferentftommostconventionalbatteries.InthisPaPer，the
funetionrequirementsandeomPositionPrineiPleofDMFCtestingsystemhavebeen
investigatedandaDMFCPerformancetestPlatformwasintegrated.
Boththeanodereaetant(methanolsolution)feedsubsystemandeathodereactant(air)
suPPlysubsystemareimProveddesignedandfabrieatedaeeordingtothereactantsuPPly
requirementsofDMFC.APeristalticPumP15addedintothefuelfeedsystemtoexPandthe
flowraterange.TheaccuraeyandsPeedoftemPeraturecontrolareincreasedbyimProvingthe
heatingblock.ThegassuPPlysystemeanbedividedintotwoParts:anadaPtivePIDeontrol
strategy15aPPliedintheoxygenorairsuPPlyPartusingProPortionalflowvalveastheactuator:
severalmanualflowvalvesareusedinthehydrogensuPPlyParttoensurethesecurity.
AccordingtothePerformaneetestrequirementsofDMFC， aPowertestinginstrumentand
aPerfOrmancemonitoringsystemforindividualcellsinaseriesfuelcellstackaredesignedand
imPlemented.ByusingthePowertestinginstrument， thevoltageandcu仃 entaboutsPecial
Pointoftheeircuiteanbereal一 timemeasuredandthentheoutPutPowerandeffieiencycanbe
ealculated.InPerformancemonitoringsystemforindividualeells， severalanalogmultiPlexers
areusedtoehoicetherelevantindividualcellandthevoltageandcurrentofeaeheellare
measuredtoavoiddamageofeithertheindividualcellorthewholestack.InMicrosoftVisual
C++6.0， asoftwareinterfaeewasProgrammedtodisPlayandstorethemeasureddatawhich
wereusedtoPlotPolarizationcurves.
Afteralltheabovementionedsubsystemsweredebugged， alltheinstrumentsineluding
commereialeleetronieloadandeleetrochemicalworkstationweredistributedintheeabinetto
beanintegralinstrument.Andsubsequently， jointdebugwasearriedout.ExPerimentalresults
haveshownthatthissystemforDMFCcanbeusedtomeasurethePerformanceoffueleell
stack， andWhat’ 5more， ithasagoodextensibility.
Keywords:FuelCell:DMFC二「ueIFeed二PerformaneeTest二Integration
人連理工大學碩十學位論文
目錄
摘要.......................................................................................................................……I
AbstraCt........................................................................................................................……11
1緒論........................................................................................................................……1
1.1DMFC的工作原理與燃料電池電源系統(tǒng)................................................……1
1.2DMFC測試系統(tǒng)的組成與研究現(xiàn)狀........................................................……5
1.3課題來源.....................................................................................................……7
1.4本文主要工作.......................................................................................······……8
2DMFC反應物供給模塊..................................................................................·.·……n
2.1DMFC液體供給系統(tǒng)..............................................................................……n
2.1.1液體供給系統(tǒng)管路改進設計..................................................……，..…12
2.1.2液體加熱裝置設計........................................................................……13
2.1.3液體供給系統(tǒng)控制原理介紹........……，.........................................……17
2.2DMFC氣體供給系統(tǒng)..............................................................................……22
2.2.1氣體供給系統(tǒng)改進設計................................................................……22
2.2.2氣體供給系統(tǒng)管路實現(xiàn)................................................................……24
2.2.3氣體供給系統(tǒng)控制原理介紹........................................................……26
2.3本章小結...................................................................................................……27
3DMFC性能測試模塊...................................................................................……，..…28
3.1單點功率測試儀..............................................·········································……28
3.2燃料電池組單體電池性能監(jiān)測系統(tǒng).......................................................……31
3.2.1系統(tǒng)整體設計................................................................······.·········……犯
3.2.2數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊的設計與實現(xiàn)........................................................……33
3.2.3上位機程序開發(fā)................................................····························……35
3.3其他性能測試儀器介紹...........................................................................……38
3.3.1電化學工作站................................................································……38
3.3.2電子負載........................................................................................……39
3.4本章小結.........……，...................................................................................……40
4測試系統(tǒng)集成與實驗..................................................········································……41
4.1模塊布局與集成......................................................·································……41
4.2液體供給系統(tǒng)實驗...................................……，...······································……42
4.2.1溫度傳感器標定............................................................................……42
直接甲醇燃料電池測試系統(tǒng)集成及實驗研究
4.2.2溫度控制實驗................................................................................……43
4.2.3疲勞試驗.........................……，........................................................……47
4.3氣體供給系統(tǒng)實驗...................................................................................……48
4.4功率測試儀實驗.......................................................................................……49
4.5、串聯(lián)電池組單電池性能監(jiān)測實驗....................................……，................……53
4.5.1電壓、電流測量實驗....................................................................……53
4.5.2故障模擬實驗................................................................................……54
4.5.3單體電池性能測試........................................................................……54
4.6本章小結...................................................................................................……56
結論....................................................................................................................……57
參考文獻..............................................................................................................……58