摘要
燃料電池是一種能將儲存在燃料和氧化劑中的化學(xué)能直接轉(zhuǎn)化成電能的發(fā)電裝置，
具有能量密度高、轉(zhuǎn)換效率高和噪音低等優(yōu)點，被視為未來化石能源的重要替代品。燃
料電池與常規(guī)電池特性不同，在燃料電池研究過程中一套專用的性能測量儀器是必不可
少的。本文根據(jù)課題需求，對直接甲醇燃料電池(DMFC)性能測試系統(tǒng)的功能需求和
組成原理進(jìn)行了深入研究，設(shè)計并集成了直接甲醇燃料電池測試系統(tǒng)。
根據(jù)DMFC反應(yīng)物供給需求，改進(jìn)設(shè)計并制作了陽極反應(yīng)物甲醇溶液供給子系統(tǒng)
和陰極反應(yīng)物氧氣供給子系統(tǒng)。液體供給系統(tǒng)增加了蠕動泵，擴(kuò)展了系統(tǒng)可供給液體的
流量范圍，改進(jìn)設(shè)計了加熱模塊提高了大流量下溫度控制的速度和精度;氣體供給系統(tǒng)
分為氧氣/空氣供給和氫氣供給兩部分，氧氣/空氣的供給采用自適應(yīng)PID控制的方式，
以比例流量閥作為執(zhí)行器控制供氣流量;氫氣供給部分使用手動流量閥控制氫氣的流
量，保證氫氣使用的安全性。
根據(jù)DMFC性能監(jiān)測的需求，設(shè)計實現(xiàn)了功率測試儀和串聯(lián)燃料電池組各單體電
池性能監(jiān)測子系統(tǒng)。使用功率測試儀實時測量燃料電池電路特定工作點電壓、電流，計
算燃料電池輸出功率與效率;設(shè)計了串聯(lián)燃料電池組各單體電池性能監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，使用模
擬開關(guān)陣列切換選通每節(jié)單體電池，循環(huán)監(jiān)測其工作點確保電池組安全運行。使用Visual
C++軟件編寫了上位機(jī)程序，接收、顯示、存儲測量數(shù)據(jù)。
在保證各子系統(tǒng)工作正常的情況下，將制作完成的四個子系統(tǒng)和已購買的電子負(fù)
載、電化學(xué)工作站、工業(yè)控制計算機(jī)合理的布局在儀器柜。各模塊聯(lián)合調(diào)試，最終形成
一套完整的DMFC性能測試系統(tǒng)。通過實驗驗證本系統(tǒng)可以滿足課題組研制的直接甲
醇燃料電池(組)的性能測試工作，且系統(tǒng)具有良好的可擴(kuò)展性。
關(guān)鍵詞:燃料電池;DMFC;燃料供給;性能測試;集成
直接甲醇燃料電池測試系統(tǒng)集成及實驗研究
IntegrationofDireetMethanolFuelCellTestingSystemand
EXPerimentalStudy
AbstraCt
Flleleell15aneleetroehemicaldevieethateonvertsehemicalenergyoffuelandoxygento
electriePower.Fuelcell15consideredtobeamainsubstituteforfossilenergyresourees
becauseofitsadvantagessuchashighenergydensity， higheffieieneyeonversionandlownoise.
AnexelusivesetofequiPmentforPerformaneetest15neededinstudyoffuelcell，beeause
eharacteristiesoffueleellareverydifferentftommostconventionalbatteries.InthisPaPer，the
funetionrequirementsandeomPositionPrineiPleofDMFCtestingsystemhavebeen
investigatedandaDMFCPerformancetestPlatformwasintegrated.
Boththeanodereaetant(methanolsolution)feedsubsystemandeathodereactant(air)
suPPlysubsystemareimProveddesignedandfabrieatedaeeordingtothereactantsuPPly
requirementsofDMFC.APeristalticPumP15addedintothefuelfeedsystemtoexPandthe
flowraterange.TheaccuraeyandsPeedoftemPeraturecontrolareincreasedbyimProvingthe
heatingblock.ThegassuPPlysystemeanbedividedintotwoParts:anadaPtivePIDeontrol
strategy15aPPliedintheoxygenorairsuPPlyPartusingProPortionalflowvalveastheactuator:
severalmanualflowvalvesareusedinthehydrogensuPPlyParttoensurethesecurity.
AccordingtothePerformaneetestrequirementsofDMFC， aPowertestinginstrumentand
aPerfOrmancemonitoringsystemforindividualcellsinaseriesfuelcellstackaredesignedand
imPlemented.ByusingthePowertestinginstrument， thevoltageandcu仃 entaboutsPecial
Pointoftheeircuiteanbereal一 timemeasuredandthentheoutPutPowerandeffieiencycanbe
ealculated.InPerformancemonitoringsystemforindividualeells， severalanalogmultiPlexers
areusedtoehoicetherelevantindividualcellandthevoltageandcurrentofeaeheellare
measuredtoavoiddamageofeithertheindividualcellorthewholestack.InMicrosoftVisual
C++6.0， asoftwareinterfaeewasProgrammedtodisPlayandstorethemeasureddatawhich
wereusedtoPlotPolarizationcurves.
Afteralltheabovementionedsubsystemsweredebugged， alltheinstrumentsineluding
commereialeleetronieloadandeleetrochemicalworkstationweredistributedintheeabinetto
beanintegralinstrument.Andsubsequently， jointdebugwasearriedout.ExPerimentalresults
haveshownthatthissystemforDMFCcanbeusedtomeasurethePerformanceoffueleell
stack， andWhat’ 5more， ithasagoodextensibility.
Keywords:FuelCell:DMFC二「ueIFeed二PerformaneeTest二Integration
人連理工大學(xué)碩十學(xué)位論文
目錄
摘要.......................................................................................................................……I
AbstraCt........................................................................................................................……11
1緒論........................................................................................................................……1
1.1DMFC的工作原理與燃料電池電源系統(tǒng)................................................……1
1.2DMFC測試系統(tǒng)的組成與研究現(xiàn)狀........................................................……5
1.3課題來源.....................................................................................................……7
1.4本文主要工作.......................................................................................······……8
2DMFC反應(yīng)物供給模塊..................................................................................·.·……n
2.1DMFC液體供給系統(tǒng)..............................................................................……n
2.1.1液體供給系統(tǒng)管路改進(jìn)設(shè)計..................................................……，..…12
2.1.2液體加熱裝置設(shè)計........................................................................……13
2.1.3液體供給系統(tǒng)控制原理介紹........……，.........................................……17
2.2DMFC氣體供給系統(tǒng)..............................................................................……22
2.2.1氣體供給系統(tǒng)改進(jìn)設(shè)計................................................................……22
2.2.2氣體供給系統(tǒng)管路實現(xiàn)................................................................……24
2.2.3氣體供給系統(tǒng)控制原理介紹........................................................……26
2.3本章小結(jié)...................................................................................................……27
3DMFC性能測試模塊...................................................................................……，..…28
3.1單點功率測試儀..............................................·········································……28
3.2燃料電池組單體電池性能監(jiān)測系統(tǒng).......................................................……31
3.2.1系統(tǒng)整體設(shè)計................................................................······.·········……犯
3.2.2數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)........................................................……33
3.2.3上位機(jī)程序開發(fā)................................................····························……35
3.3其他性能測試儀器介紹...........................................................................……38
3.3.1電化學(xué)工作站................................................································……38
3.3.2電子負(fù)載........................................................................................……39
3.4本章小結(jié).........……，...................................................................................……40
4測試系統(tǒng)集成與實驗..................................................········································……41
4.1模塊布局與集成......................................................·································……41
4.2液體供給系統(tǒng)實驗...................................……，...······································……42
4.2.1溫度傳感器標(biāo)定............................................................................……42
直接甲醇燃料電池測試系統(tǒng)集成及實驗研究
4.2.2溫度控制實驗................................................................................……43
4.2.3疲勞試驗.........................……，........................................................……47
4.3氣體供給系統(tǒng)實驗...................................................................................……48
4.4功率測試儀實驗.......................................................................................……49
4.5、串聯(lián)電池組單電池性能監(jiān)測實驗....................................……，................……53
4.5.1電壓、電流測量實驗....................................................................……53
4.5.2故障模擬實驗................................................................................……54
4.5.3單體電池性能測試........................................................................……54
4.6本章小結(jié)...................................................................................................……56
結(jié)論....................................................................................................................……57
參考文獻(xiàn)..............................................................................................................……58