數(shù)字聲納系統(tǒng)(外文翻譯)

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中文：2000 字
英文：5877 字符


數(shù)字化處理是一個(gè)非常迅速擴(kuò)大的領(lǐng)域，因此而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果使得計(jì)算元件的需求也迅速擴(kuò)大。隨著晶體管的出現(xiàn)和現(xiàn)在計(jì)算元件的集成電路的規(guī)模和價(jià)格的大幅度下降，這似乎預(yù)示著在數(shù)年內(nèi)計(jì)算機(jī)電路的價(jià)格將是按照這個(gè)規(guī)律就像單一零組件支付價(jià)錢時(shí)一樣。正是考慮到這種情況，就是研究了看看數(shù)字處理是否可應(yīng)用于聲納系統(tǒng)，使這種優(yōu)勢(shì) “跌出”計(jì)算機(jī)這一單一領(lǐng)域。當(dāng)然，一些關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題的工作已經(jīng)做了（Allen和Westefield 1964年，安德森1960年， 迪寧和里德1956年，魯尼克1960年，Stewart 等 。1956年）， 另外，也與雷達(dá)領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)行合作，但是下面的描述可能是個(gè)新穎的東西。
該系統(tǒng)不同于常見(jiàn)的聲納，主要方式有兩種： （一）響應(yīng)是由相抽樣測(cè)量得到而不是正常的最大響應(yīng)技術(shù)；（二）部分初級(jí)基本計(jì)算處理系統(tǒng)由前信號(hào)顯示。區(qū)分這兩個(gè)因素時(shí)重要的，因?yàn)榭山ㄔ煸O(shè)備用于不同階段探測(cè)信息并且在模擬基礎(chǔ)上也是可操作的，反之亦然。
普通聲納系統(tǒng)旋轉(zhuǎn)它的電波，可連續(xù)或根據(jù)運(yùn)營(yíng)商的控制，以及對(duì)特定回波的最大響應(yīng)狀態(tài)被記錄為與目標(biāo)間的聯(lián)系。它最大的貢獻(xiàn)是，會(huì)發(fā)生從換能器陣列的各個(gè)部分相加在第二階段，即從哪個(gè)方向時(shí)的回波被返回的數(shù)組是正常的。 如果傳感器是分段的，那么它就可以得到一個(gè)最大的不同于由正常調(diào)整不同部件而得到的方向。這種電子型數(shù)組，指導(dǎo)陣列，是一個(gè)特別有用的聲納系統(tǒng)，因?yàn)樗?#39;內(nèi)脈沖'掃描來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn) ......




Digital processing is a very rapidly expanding field and as a result the demand for computing elements is expanding rapidly also. With the advent of transistors and now integrated circuits the size and price of computing elements have fallen considerably and it appears that within a few years the price of complete circuits will be of the same order as the price paid at the moment for single active components. It was with this in mind that a study was made to see if digital processing could be applied to sonar systems so that advantage might be taken of this 'fall out' from the computer industry. Of course some work has already been done on this subject (Allen and Westefield 1964, Anderson 1960, Dineen and Reed 1956, Rudnick 1960, Stewart et al. 1956), as also in the allied field of radar, but the particular approach described below appears to be novel.
This system differs from a common sonar in two main ways: (i) the bearing is measured by phase sampling rather than by the normal maximum response technique; (ii) some elementary decision processing is carried out by the system before the signal is displayed. It is important to separate these two factors since equipment could be built making use of the phase information for detection but operating on an analogue basis and vice versa.
The normal sonar system rotates its beam, either continuously or under the operator's control, and the position of maximum response to a particular echo is taken as the bearing of the target. This maximum occurs when the contributions from the various parts of the transducer array add together in phase, i.e. when the direction from which the echo is being returned is normal to the array. If the transducer is sectionalized then it is possible to get a maximum from a direction other than the normal by suitably phasing the signals from each section. This type of array, the electronically steered array, is particularly useful in a sonar system since it enables 'within pulse' scanning to be achieved ......