應(yīng)用于澳大利亞南部鹽堿化及干旱化的沿海平原的管理的地下水與農(nóng)藝集成模型(外文翻譯)

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中文： 5600 字
英文： 19500 字符

摘要：
綜合建模方法是用來探索旱鹽地治理方法的一種辦法．針對(duì)此項(xiàng)研究，提出了三種模型：地下水流數(shù)值模型，農(nóng)藝模型與經(jīng)濟(jì)模型．地下水流數(shù)值模型為不同類型土地用水進(jìn)行地下水位線預(yù)測，農(nóng)藝模型根據(jù)表層地下水含鹽量及季節(jié)性降水量為農(nóng)作物及牧草產(chǎn)量進(jìn)行定量．經(jīng)濟(jì)模型則是一種針對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)總收入，支出及貼現(xiàn)率的一種模型．將這三種模型綜合起來，可為南澳大利亞海岸平原上１０５平方千米的農(nóng)場提供關(guān)于地下水位線，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，農(nóng)業(yè)收入的相關(guān)信息．此模型為未來二十年間提供了當(dāng)前使用的，以及可供選擇的多種土地管理方法．結(jié)果指出，深根四季草場的建立能夠降低地下水回灌率及土地鹽堿率，從而提高產(chǎn)量．然而，改良鹽堿地支出巨大．與現(xiàn)行的土地管理方法相比，四季草場的利潤極其微小，并對(duì)未來的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和貼現(xiàn)率依靠極大．本論文在此提供了一個(gè)處理農(nóng)業(yè)管理中多種環(huán)境問題的整體性辦法．并對(duì)其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了討論．1997年埃爾塞維爾科學(xué)出版社．




Abstract
An integrated modeling approach’ was used to explore a range of options for land management to control dryland salinity. Three models were developed for this study: a numerical groundwater flow model which predicts groundwater levels for various land uses; agronomic models quantifying crop and pasture yield response to shallow saline watertables and seasonal rainfall; and a financial model of farm revenues, costs and discount rates. When combined, these provided information on groundwater levels, agricultural production, and farm incomes for a 105-km2 site on a coastal plain in southern Australia.The simulations included current as well as various alternative land management options for a 20-year period.The results indicated that the establishment of deep-rooted perennial pastures can reduce both rates of groundwater recharge,thereby enhancing productivity.However,the cost of reclaiming salinised land is high.Compraed with current land management practices,the economic benefit of perennial pasture is marginal,and depend strongly on future farm commodity prices and discount rates.The methodology described herein represents a holistic means of dealing with a variety of environmental problems of agricultural management.Its advantages and disadvantages are also discussed.1997 Elsevier Science B.V.