C#的優(yōu)點(diǎn)[外文及翻譯]

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中文： 1500字
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C#在某種程度上可以看作是.NET面向Windows環(huán)境的一種編程語(yǔ)言。在過(guò)去的十幾年里，Microsoft給Windows和 Windows API添加了許多功能，VB和C++也經(jīng)歷了許多變化。雖然VB和C++最終已成為非常強(qiáng)大的語(yǔ)言，但這兩種語(yǔ)言也存在問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗鼈儽Ａ袅嗽瓉?lái)的一些內(nèi)容。
對(duì)于Visual Basic來(lái)說(shuō)，它的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是很容易理解，許多編程工作都很容易完成，基本上隱藏了Windows API和COM組件結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)涵。其缺點(diǎn)是Visual Basic從來(lái)沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)真正意義上的面向?qū)ο?，所以大型?yīng)用程序很難分解和維護(hù)。另外，因?yàn)閂B的語(yǔ)法繼承于BASIC的早期版本(BASIC主要是為了讓初學(xué)者更容易理解，而不是為了編寫大型商業(yè)應(yīng)用程序)，所以不能真正成為結(jié)構(gòu)化或面向?qū)ο蟮木幊陶Z(yǔ)言。
另一方面，C++在ANSI C++語(yǔ)言定義中有其自己的根。它與ANSI不完全兼容，因?yàn)镸icrosoft是在ANSI定義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化之前編寫C++編譯器的，但已經(jīng)相當(dāng)接近了。遺憾的是，這導(dǎo)致了兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。其一，ANSI C++是在十幾年前的技術(shù)條件下開(kāi)發(fā)的，因此不支持現(xiàn)在的概念(例如Unicode字符串和生成XML文檔)，某些古老的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是為以前的編譯器設(shè)計(jì)的(例如成員函數(shù)的聲明和定義是分開(kāi)的)。其二，Microsoft同時(shí)還試圖把C++演變?yōu)橐环N用于在Windows上執(zhí)行高性能任務(wù)的語(yǔ)言—— 在語(yǔ)言中避免添加大量Microsoft專用的關(guān)鍵字和各種庫(kù)。其結(jié)果是在Windows中，該語(yǔ)言成為了一種非常雜亂的語(yǔ)言 ......



Where C# Fits In
In one sense, C# can be seen as being the same thing to programming languages as .NET is to the Windows environment. Just as Microsoft has been adding more and more features to Windows and the Windows API over the past decade, Visual Basic and C++ have undergone expansion. Although Visual Basic and C++ have ended up as hugely powerful languages as a result of this, both languages also suffer from problems due to the legacies of how they have evolved.
In the case of Visual Basic 6 and earlier, the main strength of the language was the fact that it was simple to understand and didn’t make many programming tasks easy, largely hiding the details of the Windows API and the COM component infrastructure from the developer. The downside to this was that Visual Basic was never truly object-oriented, so that large applications quickly become disorganized and hard to maintain. As well as this, because Visual Basic’s syntax was inherited from early versions of BASIC (which, in turn, was designed to be intuitively simple for beginning programmers to understand, rather than to write large commercial applications), it didn’t really lend itself to well-structured or object-oriented programs.
C++, on the other hand, has its roots in the ANSI C++ language definition. It isn’t completely ANSIcompliant for the simple reason that Microsoft first wrote its C++ compiler before the ANSI definition had become official, but it comes close ......