供應(yīng)鏈管理概述[外文翻譯]

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中文： 3555 字
英文： 11832 字符


供應(yīng)鏈的出現(xiàn)
過(guò)去20年間管理者目睹了世界歷史上前所未有的技術(shù)進(jìn)步、市場(chǎng)全球化和政治經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展時(shí)期。隨著國(guó)內(nèi)外世界一流競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者數(shù)目的增加，為了保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地位，各組織必須迅速改善內(nèi)部程序。在20世紀(jì)60年代至70年代間，企業(yè)開(kāi)始開(kāi)發(fā)詳盡的面向贏得顧客忠誠(chéng)的市場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)略。企業(yè)也意識(shí)到為了支持市場(chǎng)需求，必須強(qiáng)化工程、設(shè)計(jì)和制造職能。設(shè)計(jì)師需要設(shè)計(jì)出滿足顧客需求的不同規(guī)格的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，然后企業(yè)以高質(zhì)量、合理成本完成產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)。由于在20世紀(jì)80年代新產(chǎn)品的需求不斷升級(jí)，生產(chǎn)組織要求越來(lái)越靈活，對(duì)現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品和工藝進(jìn)行修改或制定新的，以滿足不斷變化的客戶需求。正如在20世紀(jì)90年代制造能力提高，管理人員意識(shí)到，材料和服務(wù)供應(yīng)商的投入已對(duì)他們滿足顧客需求的的企業(yè)能力產(chǎn)生重大影響。這導(dǎo)致了對(duì)供應(yīng)地和組織的采購(gòu)戰(zhàn)略更加注重。管理者也認(rèn)識(shí)到，生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品是不夠的。讓產(chǎn)品何時(shí)，何地，如何，進(jìn)入客戶以及預(yù)測(cè)他們想要的數(shù)量，以符合成本效益的方式，組成一個(gè)全新的挑戰(zhàn)類型。最近，是“物流文藝復(fù)興”誕生的時(shí)代，并產(chǎn)生了一整套的旨在面臨這些新的挑戰(zhàn)的減少時(shí)間的信息技術(shù)和物流網(wǎng)絡(luò) ......



The Emergence of Supply Chain
Managers in the last two decades have witnessed a period of change unparalleled in the history of the world, in terms of advances in technology, globalization of markets, and stabilization of political economies. With the increasing number of "world-class" competitors both domestically and abroad, organizations have had to improve their internal processes rapidly in order to slay competitive. In the 1960s -1970s, companies began to develop detailed market strategies, which focused on creating and capturing customer loyalty. Organizations also realized that strong engineering, design, and manufacturing functions were necessary in order to support these market requirements. Design engineers had to be able to translate customer needs into product and service specifications, which then had to be produced at a high level of quality and at a reasonable cost.As the demand for new products escalated in the 1980s, manufacturing organizations were required to become increasingly flexible and responsive to modify existing products and processes or to develop new ones in order to meet ever-changing customer needs.As manufacturing capabilities improved in the 1990s, managers realized that material ......