單片機抗干擾技術{外文翻譯}

中文：3500字
英文：12000字


隨著單片微機在各個領域中的應用越來越廣泛，對其可靠性要求也越來越高。單片機系統(tǒng)的可靠性由多種因素決定，其中系統(tǒng)抗干擾性能是可靠性的重要指標。工業(yè)環(huán)境有強烈的電磁干擾，因此必須采取抗干擾措施，否則難以穩(wěn)定、可靠運行。
工業(yè)環(huán)境中的干擾一般是以脈沖形式進入微機系統(tǒng)，渠道主要有三條。空間干擾（場干擾），電磁信號通過空間輻射進入系統(tǒng)。過程通道干擾，干擾通過與系統(tǒng)相連的前向通道、后向通道及與其它系統(tǒng)的相互通道進入。供電系統(tǒng)干擾，電磁信號通過供電線路進入系統(tǒng)。
一般情況下空間干擾在強度上遠小于其它兩種，故微機系統(tǒng)中應重點防止過程通道與供電系統(tǒng)的干擾。
抗干擾措施有硬件措施和軟件措施。硬件措施如果得當，可將絕大部分干擾拒之門外，但仍然會有少數干擾進入微機系統(tǒng)，故軟件措施作為第二道防線必不可少。由于軟件抗干擾措施是以CPU為代價的，如果沒有硬件消除絕大多數干擾，CPU將疲于奔命，無暇顧及正常工作，嚴重影響系統(tǒng)的工作效率和實時性。因此，一個成功的抗干擾系統(tǒng)是由硬件和軟件相結合構成的。
本文設計的激光打標控制系統(tǒng)由于現(xiàn)場使用環(huán)境較惡劣，各種干擾因素較多，如交流噪聲、電網干擾及其它電磁干擾等，因此必須采取有效的抗干擾措施以確保系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定工作，下面介紹我們在該系統(tǒng)硬件、軟件和CPU上采取的抗干擾措施。




The only flat machine technical foreword of interference rejection
Along with only flat personal computer in the sphere of each application more and more extensive, for its reliability requirement, it is also high. The reliability of single flat machine system is decided by various factor , is the important index of reliability in which the systematic performance of interference rejection. Industrial environment has strong electromagnetism to disturb , therefore must be hard to stabilize otherwise with the measure of interference rejection , reliable operation.
Industrial environment in disturb is normally with pulse form enter the system of personal computer, channel has Sub_clause of 3 mainly.
Space disturbs （ site disturb ）, electromagnetism signal enters system through space radiation.
It is entered that course interference between channels disturbs to pass through the forward passageway that is linked with system, backward passageway and the mutual passageway with other system.
Power supply system disturbs , electromagnetism signal enters system through the line of power supply.
Usually space disturb in strength on is smaller than other two, so in the system of personal computer, it should be key to prevent course passageway with power supply system disturb.
The measure of interference rejection has hardware measure and software measure. If hardware measure is proper, but will unique most of disturb the door that resisted besides, but can still have few disturb to enter the system of personal computer, so, it is essential that software measure is second road defence line. Since the software measure of interference rejection is price with CPU, if have no hardware to eliminate the most, disturbs , CPU will be weighed down with work , has no time to take normal work into account , is serious to affect systematic working efficiency and real time. Therefore a successful system of interference rejection is formed from hardware and software.