直流電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文
1.1萬字    29頁


目 錄
一、引言 -------------------------------------------------------5
二、設(shè)計(jì)方案比較與分析 ----------------------------------6
   1、電機(jī)速度控制模塊 ----------------------------------6
   2、電機(jī)測速模塊  --------------------------------------7
   3、電機(jī)速度顯示模塊 ---------------------------------8
三 、系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與分析 -------------------------------------9
   1 、系統(tǒng)的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)與分析 -------------------9
   2 、系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) ---------------------------------14
四 、測試結(jié)果與分析 ------------------------------------16
五 、結(jié)論 ----------------------------------------------------16
參考文獻(xiàn)-----------------------------------------------------17
附錄1 、系統(tǒng)硬件電路原理圖--------------------------------18
附錄2 、系統(tǒng)程序 ----------------------------------------------19

摘要
當(dāng)今，自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在各行各業(yè)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展，而直流驅(qū)動(dòng)控制作為電氣傳動(dòng)的主流在現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)中起著主要作用。長期以來，直流電動(dòng)機(jī)因其轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)比較靈活，方法簡單，易于大范圍平滑調(diào)速，控制性能好等特點(diǎn)，一直在傳動(dòng)領(lǐng)域占有統(tǒng)治地位。它廣泛應(yīng)用于數(shù)控機(jī)床、工業(yè)機(jī)器人等工廠自動(dòng)化設(shè)備中。隨著現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大，各個(gè)行業(yè)對直流電機(jī)的需求愈益增大，并對其性能提出了更高的要求。為此，研究并制造高性能、高可靠性的直流電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)有著十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
    本文設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了一套基于單片機(jī)的直流電機(jī)多速控制器，作為其配套的試驗(yàn)裝置。論文根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的要求完成了整體方案設(shè)計(jì)和系統(tǒng)選型，針對所設(shè)計(jì)的控制方案對控制系統(tǒng)的軟、硬件設(shè)計(jì)作了詳細(xì)論述。硬件部分先作了整體設(shè)計(jì)，然后介紹了以AT89S52單片機(jī)為核心的硬件構(gòu)成，對調(diào)速電路、測量電路、閉環(huán)檢測電路和顯示電路等作了詳細(xì)闡述;軟件部分采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)思想，編制了各個(gè)模塊的流程圖。論述了軟件的設(shè)計(jì)思想和方法;實(shí)現(xiàn)了對直流電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)參數(shù)的設(shè)置、啟動(dòng)、停止、加速、減速、正轉(zhuǎn)、反轉(zhuǎn)和顯示等功能。利用AT89S52芯片進(jìn)行低成本直流電動(dòng)機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，能夠簡化系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成、降低系統(tǒng)成本、增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)性能、滿足更多應(yīng)用場合的需要。
  針對直流電機(jī)運(yùn)行環(huán)境惡劣、干擾嚴(yán)重的特點(diǎn)，從系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)、軟件設(shè)計(jì)等多方面進(jìn)行抗干擾的綜合考慮，并利用多種軟件和硬件技術(shù)來提高和改善系統(tǒng)的抗干擾能力，有效地提高了系統(tǒng)的可靠性和實(shí)用性。運(yùn)行結(jié)果表明，系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了電機(jī)的高精度多速度控制，達(dá)到了性能指標(biāo)要求。

Abstract
     Nowadays，automatic control systems have been widely used and developed in every aspect of life. As the artery in the area of electric drive systems, DC drivers become more and more important modern production. For a long time, DC motor has possessed the main role in the area of electric drive because of its neatly adjustment, simple method and smooth timing in a wide range,besides,its control performance is excellent. DC motor is widely used on the automatic equipments ,such as CNC and industrial robot. As the scale of production becomes larger and larger the demand and requirements become higher and higher,so the research on improving the DC controlling system behavior has important sense.
     This paper system of DC motor multiple speeds based on STCMCU is designed,as its necessary test equipment. It finished the total project design of system and model selection. The hardware and software design of the system according to the preceding solutions are discussed detailed. For the hardware part after a dissertation on the whole design，the core hardware of the control system is the STCMCU,the paper introduced the details of some hardware problem，including input circuit of keyboard，serial communication circuit, measure circuit, D/A switching circuit and display circuit and so on. The method of software planning for it is also discussed. For the software part，with the introduction of modular design concept some procedure flow charts of main program subroutine are offered. The paper designs the software which achieves the functions，such as install parameters, download parameters，startup stop accelerate and decelerate. This new family of STC enables cost—effective design of controllers for DC motors which can fulfill more conditions，consisting of Fewer system components, lower system cost and increased performances.
  Aiming at the characteristic of bed environment and serious disturbance，many Kinds of software and hardware technology are applied to improve systematic Anti—interference ability，which comprehensively improve systematic dependability and practicability.  It has been proved by experiments that this system can make the high precise and multiple speed motor control come true. Stepping out the performance index is realized. Now this system has been put into experiment.
關(guān)鍵字   AT89S52，PWM，電機(jī)控制