基于機器視覺的精密檢測系統(tǒng)控制系統(tǒng)設計

摘    要

機器視覺檢測是基于機器視覺技術、光學測量原理形成的一種新型檢測技術,被廣泛應用于幾何量的尺寸測量、航空遙感測量、高精度定位、精密復雜零件的微尺寸測量和零件外觀檢測等與圖像有關的技術領域中。如何提高檢測精度成為該領域的重要研究課題。
本文論述了視覺檢測系統(tǒng)的檢測原理、組成，分析了影響系統(tǒng)精度的主要因素，并提出了消除或者減少誤差的有效方法。分析了現(xiàn)有的亞像素檢測技術，提出了一種亞像素邊緣檢測方法——最小二乘曲線擬合法，大大提高了獲取邊緣的精度。構建了圓形零件視覺檢測系統(tǒng)，運用提出的算法，提高了系統(tǒng)的檢測精度。

關鍵詞：機器視覺，誤差分析，邊緣檢測，圖像處理

ABSTRACT
                          
Machine vision testing is based on machine vision technology, optical measuring principle of formation of a new detection technology are widely used in geometric measurement of the size of the aviation remote sensing measurements, high-precision positioning, sophisticated parts and components in micro-size measuring appearance detection and image-related technologies in the field. How to improve the accuracy of the field to become an important research topic.
   This article discusses the visual detection system detection theory, composition, analysis of the impact on the accuracy of the main factors, and the elimination or reduction of error effective way. Analysis of the existing sub-pixel detection technology, a sub-pixel edge detection methods - least-squares curve-fitting, thereby greatly increasing the access to the edge of precision. Construction of the radio parts visual inspection system, using the algorithm to improve the detection accuracy of the system.

Key words: visual inspection ,error analysis, the accuracy, image processing, servo motor control

目   錄
摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ
目錄---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ
一、緒論------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.1 機器視覺的發(fā)展及應用----------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2 機器視覺及主動視覺的特點---------------------------------------------------------------3
1.3 課題的主要任務及實現(xiàn)途徑---------------------------------------------------------------5
二、機器視覺測量系統(tǒng)測量平臺的建立---------------------------------------------------------------6
2.1 機器視覺測量系統(tǒng)的硬件的配備-----------------------------------------------------------6
    2.2 機器視覺測量平臺的建立------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
三、機器視覺測量系統(tǒng)的DMC5400的編程和控制系統(tǒng)設計----------------------------------14
    3.1 DMC5400運動控制卡簡介----------------------------------------------------------------------14
    3.2 DMC5400與交流伺服電機的接口電路設計----------------------------------------------15
    3.3 開環(huán)與閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)簡介------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
    3.4 系統(tǒng)控制方案-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
四、基于VC6.0的相機的運動控制可視化編程-----------------------------------------------------19
    4.1 VC6.0簡介------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
    4.2 面向對象編程-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
    4.3 可視化控制界面---------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
五、圖像處理及分析的編程------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
    5.1 圖像處理------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
    5.2 邊緣檢測------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
    5.3 邊緣跟蹤------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
    5.4最小二乘法直線擬合----------------------------------------------------------------------------31
六、實驗及結論------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
    6.1 實驗及誤差分析---------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
    6.2 總結--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
致謝---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37