20萬KW電站鍋爐管子焊接工藝研究與設(shè)計(jì)


摘要

本文通過國內(nèi)外的焊接技術(shù)的比較，對(duì)電站鍋爐管子（省煤器，過熱器，再熱器）的焊接工藝進(jìn)行了分析研究。

在已給出的材料的基礎(chǔ)上（過熱器管母材為15CrMo，再熱器管母材為12Cr3MoVSiTiB，省煤器管母材為20A），通過對(duì)管子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析，管子工作特點(diǎn)的了解。利用碳當(dāng)量法對(duì)上述材料進(jìn)行焊接性分析，明確上述材料在焊接過程中存在的各種問題及缺陷。針對(duì)材料的焊接性確定出上述材料能夠適用的焊接方法。確定對(duì)省煤器采用手工鎢極氬弧焊打底+手工電弧焊，對(duì)過熱器，再熱器采用熱絲鎢極氬弧焊的焊接方法。針對(duì)焊接方法選擇合理的焊接材料，焊接接頭，焊接設(shè)備，焊接電流，焊接電壓，焊接速度，及焊絲等方面以確定其焊接工藝。制定出合理的焊接工藝規(guī)程。本文還詳細(xì)的介紹了焊接過程中操作步驟，注意事項(xiàng)，焊后缺陷處理以及焊后檢驗(yàn)等以保證焊后質(zhì)量。




關(guān)鍵字：鍋爐管子，焊接工藝，材料的焊接性


 


Abstract

It is disscussed the the power station boiler tubes’ (economizer, overheating, reheater)welding process through the compare with the welding technology in our country and aborad.

    In the basic of the materials have been given(The base metal of the Superheater is 15CrMo, The base metal of the Reheater is 12Cr3MoVSiTiB，The base metal of the Economizer is 20A), Through the analysis of the tube’s structure, And the understanding of the  Working characteristics of the tubes, To analysis the welding materials of the Material above by Carbon equivalent, Clearly  the various problems and shortcomings in the weiding process of the materials above. Against the weldingability of the Materials above to determine the welding method reasonable. to determine the manual TIG welding primer and the  manual arc welding to use to the economizer,and the Heat TIG welding wire to use to the  superheater and the reheater. To choose the reasonable Welding materials , Welded joints, Welding equipment, Welding current, Welding voltage, Welding speed and the welding wire etc. against the welding metheds, to determine the welding technology.To constitutive the welding process Reasonablely.It is also described the welding process steps, attention,the treatment of the defect after the welding,and the test after the welding in this paper,to guarantee the quality of the welding.




Keywords: Boiler tubes, Welding Technology, The weldingability of

the materials




 


目錄

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

目錄 III

1緒論 1

1.1焊接技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀及未來 1

1.1.1焊接技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀及應(yīng)用 1

1.1.2 焊接技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向 2

1.2電站鍋爐管子及其焊接 4

1.2.1 電站鍋爐及組成 4

1.2.2 鍋爐管子焊接技術(shù)及發(fā)展 5

2 電站鍋爐管子材料的焊接性分析 7

2.1  15CrMo鋼分析 7

2.1.1  15CrMo鋼材性能（過熱器母材） 7

2.1.2　15CrMo焊接性分析 8

2.1.3 15CrMo鋼焊接工藝特點(diǎn) 8

2.2 12Cr3MoVSiTiB 鋼分析 9

2.2.1 12Cr3MoVSiTiB鋼材性能（再熱器母材） 9

2.2.2 12Cr3MoVSiTiB 鋼的焊接性分析 10

2.2.3  12Cr3MoVSiTiB 焊接工藝特點(diǎn) 11

2.3 20A焊接性分析（省煤器母材） 13

3 鍋爐管子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析 14

3.1 省煤器的分析 14

3.1.1 省煤器對(duì)鍋爐的作用 14

3.1.2 省煤器的工作特點(diǎn) 14

3.1.3 省煤器的結(jié)構(gòu) 14

3.2 過熱器和再熱器的分析 15

3.2.1 過熱器和再熱器的作用 15

3.2.2 過熱器和再熱器的特點(diǎn) 15

3.2.3 過熱器與再熱器的材料選擇 16

4 管子的焊接方法及設(shè)備 18

4.1 焊接方法簡介 18

4.1.1 熔化極惰性氣體保護(hù)焊(GMAA) 18

4.1.2摩擦焊 18

4.1.4等離子弧焊 20

4.1.5 鎢極氬弧焊 21

4.1.6 熱絲鎢極氬弧焊 23

4.1.7 小結(jié) 23

4.2 焊接設(shè)備 23

4.2.1 鎢極氬弧焊設(shè)備的組成 23

4.2.2 鎢極氬弧焊設(shè)備的技術(shù)特點(diǎn) 25

5鍋爐管子的焊接 27

5.1省煤器的焊接 28

5.1.1 焊接接頭的設(shè)計(jì) 28

5.1.2 焊接方法及設(shè)備的選擇 28

5.1.3 焊接工藝 28

5.1.4 焊接注意事項(xiàng)和焊后處理 28

5.1.5 省煤器焊接工藝卡 28

5.2 過熱器的焊接 29

5.2.1 焊接接頭的設(shè)計(jì) 29

5.2.2 焊接方法及設(shè)備的選擇 29

5.2.3 焊接工藝 30

5.2.4焊接注意事項(xiàng)和焊后處理 30

5.2.5 過熱器焊接工藝卡 30

5.3 再熱器的焊接 31

5.3.1 焊接接頭的設(shè)計(jì) 31

5.3.2 焊接方法及設(shè)備的選擇 31

5.3.3 焊接工藝 31

5.3.4焊接過程注意事項(xiàng)和焊后處理 31

5.3.5再熱器焊接工藝卡 32

6 結(jié)論 33

致謝 34

參考文獻(xiàn) 35