1600KN單動(dòng)液壓機(jī)上橫梁結(jié)構(gòu)分析及優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)）

摘    要

液壓機(jī)是重要的壓力加工設(shè)備之一。在國防和航空工業(yè)的大型模鍛件生產(chǎn)中有著不可替代的作用，已成為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中必不可少的設(shè)備之一。傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法存在設(shè)計(jì)周期長、結(jié)構(gòu)冗余、成本高、缺乏對結(jié)果的驗(yàn)證等諸多弊端。面對日益激烈的市場競爭，企業(yè)迫切地需要了解液壓機(jī)工作狀態(tài)下的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變分布規(guī)律，并在此基礎(chǔ)上對液壓機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。本文所采用的有限元分析技術(shù)是解決上述問題的理想方法。
本文采用ANSYS軟件對1600KN單動(dòng)液壓機(jī)上橫梁進(jìn)行實(shí)體建模，然后選擇20節(jié)點(diǎn)四面體單元對上橫梁進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分，并對上橫梁進(jìn)行了載荷分析和計(jì)算，建立了上橫梁的有限元力學(xué)模型。通過在ANSYS中的分析計(jì)算，得出液壓機(jī)上橫梁的應(yīng)力云圖和位移云圖及其他相應(yīng)參數(shù)，從分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)上橫梁原結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)比較保守，因此對上橫梁進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。
本文采用經(jīng)驗(yàn)優(yōu)化方法，根據(jù)應(yīng)力的大小和位移的大小對原結(jié)構(gòu)一些部位的尺寸進(jìn)行修改，如此反復(fù)多次最終得到應(yīng)力均勻、位移適中、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、耗材減少、降低其生產(chǎn)成本的液壓機(jī)上橫梁模型。

關(guān)鍵詞：液壓機(jī)，上橫梁，有限元，結(jié)構(gòu)分析，結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，ANSYS

ABSTRACT

Hydraulic pressure is one of the important smithery mechanism. It is irreplaceable in the defense and aviation industry for production of large-size forgings. It has become one of the key equipment in modern industry. There are many problems in traditional design method such as long period, structure redundancy, high cost and lack of validation etc. Along with drastic competition, the corporations need to comprehend the distributing rule of stress and strain of hydraulic pressure in working condition and execute the structure optimization based on the results. The FEA technology in this paper is the perfect method to solve above problems.
This article used the ANSYS Software to build model for the cross beam of 1600KN hydraulic press. Then, the tetrahedron element with 20 nodes is used to mesh the finite element model, and the load of the cross beam is analyzed and calculated by the theory of equivalent stress. Finally, the finite element model of the cross beam is established. By the analysis and calculation in ANSYS, the stress nephogram, displacement nephogram and other homologous parameter of the cross beam are given out. It is obviously that the design of the original structure of the cross beam is conservative. So, the optimizing design of the cross beam must be done.
This article used the traditional optimization method. According to the magnitude of stress and displacement, the size of each part of original model can be changed. Time after time the original model can be a stress uniformity, structure optimized, material reduced, cost debased new model.

Key words：Hydraulic pressure, Cross beam, FE method, Structural analysis,
Structural optimization design, ANSYS
 

目   錄

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 緒論 1
1.1 液壓機(jī)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢 1
1.1.1 概述 1
1.1.2 國內(nèi)外液壓機(jī)技術(shù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 1
1.1.3 液壓機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢 3
1.2 有限元分析法 4
1.3 課題的研究內(nèi)容、取得的成果和意義 4
2 液壓機(jī)上橫梁的建模、離散化和載荷處理 6
2.1  ANSYS分析方案的制定 6
2.2 建模方法的選擇 6
2.3 幾何模型的簡化和建立 7
2.3.1 建立箱體的外形結(jié)構(gòu) 7
2.3.2 建立箱體上下特殊形狀面板 11
2.3.3 建立箱體內(nèi)部特殊形狀模型 13
2.3.4 建立最終模型 14
2.4 網(wǎng)格劃分和載荷處理 16
2.4.1 材料和單元的選取 16
2.4.2 定義材料和劃分網(wǎng)格 16
2.4.3 對模型施加約束和載荷 18
3 上橫梁有限元分析 20
3.1 對模型進(jìn)行有限元分析 20
3.2 有限元分析結(jié)果的分析研究 20
3.2.1 上橫梁有限元分析的應(yīng)力結(jié)果分析 20
3.2.2 上橫梁有限元分析的位移結(jié)果分析 23
3.3 上橫梁的體積 26
3.4 本章小結(jié) 26
4 上橫梁的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 27
4.1 選擇結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的方法 27
4.2 上橫梁的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化 27
4.2.1 去掉左右側(cè)板，進(jìn)行分析并觀察應(yīng)力、位移變化情況 28
4.2.2 減少立柱壁厚10mm 30
4.2.3 減少前后面板10mm和上下面板左右方向10mm 33
4.2.4 減少前后肋板15mm、上下面板10mm和中心圓柱孔壁厚10mm 35
4.2.5 去掉前后肋板 38
4.2.6 在前后面板和上下面板的左右兩邊挖走一定形狀的體積 40
4.3 本章小結(jié) 42
5 總結(jié) 43
參考文獻(xiàn) 45