ZL20裝載機(jī)工作裝置CAD研究（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)）
摘 要

裝載機(jī)是一種重要的工程機(jī)械, 是在礦業(yè)開采、道路交通、國防和城市建設(shè)中不可缺少的設(shè)備。隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和對裝載機(jī)工作性能指標(biāo)要求的不斷提高, 裝載機(jī)工作裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真已構(gòu)成裝載機(jī)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的重要組成部分。考慮到工作裝置在整個(gè)裝載機(jī)系統(tǒng)中的重要性以及工作裝置運(yùn)動(dòng)的復(fù)雜性, 由于設(shè)計(jì)方法在一定程度上存在盲目性，容易造成設(shè)計(jì)缺陷，機(jī)構(gòu)整體強(qiáng)度的削弱甚至破壞，所以對其進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)特性分析尤為重要。
裝載機(jī)載初鏟時(shí)，工作裝置受力最大。在整個(gè)工作過程中受到的外界載荷為不變載荷，主要是物料的重量以及機(jī)構(gòu)自重。由于物料種類和作業(yè)的條件不同，裝載機(jī)工作時(shí)鏟斗切削刃并非均勻受載，一般可以簡化為兩種極端情況：① 認(rèn)為載荷沿切削刃均勻分布，并以作用在鏟斗切削刃中點(diǎn)的集中載荷來代替均布載荷；② 非對稱受載情況，由于鏟斗偏鏟、料堆密集情況不均，使載荷偏于鏟斗一側(cè)，通常將其簡化為集中載荷作用在鏟斗最邊緣的斗齒上。
文章以ZL20型裝載機(jī)為例，建立有限元模型，伴之以三維可視化處理, 在典型工況下用Cosmos/Works軟件進(jìn)行靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)分析，獲得工作裝置整體的應(yīng)力及變形分布。


關(guān)鍵詞：裝載機(jī)，工作裝置，虛擬樣機(jī)，運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真，有限元分析

ABSTRACT

Loader is an important and indispensable equipment engineering machinery, in mining, transport, urban construction, national defense. With modern science and technology and the development of performance indicators loader requirements of the increase, loader devices kinematics and dynamics simulation loader system constitutes an important development component. Take account of the importance of the device in the entire loader system and the complex movement of working device , as the design method in a certain extent, blindness, making it easy for design defects, overall body strength weakened or even destroyed, and its dynamics analysis is particularly important.
Backhoe at the beginning, the loader working devices subject to the greatest. Throughout the working course by the external load for the same load, which are the weight of materials, and institutional forces. Due to the types of materials and operating conditions, the cutting edge is not uniformly loaded when the loader work. generally can be simplified to two extreme cases : (a) the load along the cutting edge is uniform distribution, and replace the uniform load as the concentrated load at the midpoint of the bucket cutting edge; (b) non-symmetrical load, as partial shovel and the stockpile uneven-intensive, tend bucket load side, usually load be simplified to focus on the marginalized tooth.
The articles set ZL20-loader as an example, Establish the finite element model, accompanied by three-dimensional visualization, Typical conditions in the software used Cosmosworks static structural analysis. working device was the overall stress.


Key words： Loaders, working device, Virtual Prototyping, simulation, Finite Element Analysis

目 錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1緒論 1
1.1 裝載機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2 課題研究的目的和意義 2
2裝載機(jī)工作裝置的參數(shù)計(jì)算 7
2.1 鏟斗設(shè)計(jì) 7
2.1.1 斗型的確定 7
2.1.2鏟斗基本參數(shù)的確定 8
2.1.3斗容的驗(yàn)算 10
2.2 工作裝置的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 10
2.2.1確定動(dòng)臂形狀、長度與車架的鉸接位置 10
2.2.2確定動(dòng)臂油缸的鉸接位置及動(dòng)臂油缸行程 12
2.2.3連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 13
2.3本章小結(jié) 16
3裝載機(jī)工作裝置的受力分析 17
3.1確定計(jì)算強(qiáng)度工況 17
3.2外載荷計(jì)算 18
3.2.1最大插入阻力Fin的計(jì)算 18
3.2.2最大鏟取阻力Fsh的計(jì)算 18
3.3工作機(jī)構(gòu)各構(gòu)件受力分析 18
3.4油缸的設(shè)計(jì) 21
3.4.1舉臂油缸的確定 21
3.4.2轉(zhuǎn)斗油缸的確定 21
3.5本章小結(jié) 21
4裝載機(jī)工作裝置的特征建模與有限元分析 22
4.1裝載機(jī)工作裝置的特征建模的建立 22
4.2模型裝配過程 24
4.3裝載機(jī)工作裝置模型的分析 25
4.4本章小結(jié) 33
5結(jié)論 34
參考文獻(xiàn) 35
附錄A 動(dòng)臂工程圖 36
附錄B 鏟斗工程圖 37
附錄C 裝配體工程圖 38
鳴謝 39