ZL30裝載機(jī)工作裝置CAD研究（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計）
摘 要

裝載機(jī)屬于鏟土運輸機(jī)械類，是一種廣泛用于公路、鐵路、建筑、水電、港口和礦山等建設(shè)工程的土石方施工機(jī)械。由于裝載機(jī)經(jīng)常工作在各種復(fù)雜的工況下，這就要求裝載機(jī)具有良好的適應(yīng)性和可靠性。隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和對裝載機(jī)工作性能指標(biāo)要求的提高, 裝載機(jī)工作裝置的運動學(xué)和動力學(xué)分析已構(gòu)成裝載機(jī)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的重要組成部分。考慮到工作裝置在整個裝載機(jī)系統(tǒng)中的重要性以及工作裝置運動的復(fù)雜性, 由于設(shè)計方法在一定程度上存在盲目性，容易造成設(shè)計缺陷，機(jī)構(gòu)整體強(qiáng)度的削弱甚至破壞，所以對其進(jìn)行動力學(xué)特性分析尤為重要。
裝載機(jī)初鏟時，工作裝置受力最大。在整個工作過程中受到的外界載荷為不變載荷，主要是物料的重量以及機(jī)構(gòu)自重。由于物料種類和作業(yè)的條件不同，裝載機(jī)工作時鏟斗切削刃并非均勻受載，一般可以簡化為兩種極端情況：① 認(rèn)為載荷沿切削刃均勻分布，并以作用在鏟斗切削刃中點的集中載荷來代替均布載荷；② 非對稱受載情況，由于鏟斗偏鏟、料堆密集情況不均，使載荷偏于鏟斗一側(cè)，通常將其簡化為集中載荷作用在鏟斗最邊緣的斗齒上。
本文以ZL30型裝載機(jī)為例，通過solidworks建立三維模型，在典型工況下用Cosmos/Works軟件進(jìn)行靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)分析，獲得工作裝置整體的應(yīng)力及變形分布，達(dá)到對其動力學(xué)特性的分析。


關(guān)鍵詞： 裝載機(jī)，工作裝置，三維建模，有限元分析
ABSTRACT


Loader of soil belonging to the transport machinery, is a widely used in highway, railway, construction, utilities, ports and mines, such as the construction of earth and construction machinery. As loader often work in a variety of complex condition, which requires loader has a good adaptability and reliability. With modern science and technology and the development of performance indicators loader requirements of the increase, loader devices kinematics and dynamics simulation loader system constitutes an important development component. Take account of the importance of the device in the entire loader system and the complex movement of working device , as the design method in a certain extent, blindness, making it easy for design defects, overall body strength weakened or even destroyed, and its dynamics analysis is particularly important.
Backhoe at the beginning, the loader working devices subject to the greatest. Throughout the working course by the external load for the same load, which are the weight of materials, and institutional forces. Due to the types of materials and operating conditions, the cutting edge is not uniformly loaded when the loader work. generally can be simplified to two extreme cases : ① the load along the cutting edge is uniform distribution, and replace the uniform load as the concentrated load at the midpoint of the bucket cutting edge; ② non-symmetrical load, as partial shovel and the stockpile uneven-intensive, tend bucket load side, usually load be simplified to focus on the marginalized tooth.
The articles set ZL20-loader as an example,Solidworks through the establishment of three-dimensional model, in a typical condition with Cosmos / Works static structural analysis software, devices to obtain work stress and deformation of the overall distribution, reaching its dynamics of the analysis.


Key words：Loader, Equipment, Three-dimensional modeling, Finite element analysis

目 錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1緒論 1
1.1 裝載機(jī)概述 1
1.2 裝載機(jī)工作裝置介紹 1
1.3 課題的國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀 2
1.4 課題的目的及其意義 5
2 裝載機(jī)工作裝置的參數(shù)計算 9
2.1 裝載機(jī)的主要參數(shù) 9
2.2 鏟斗設(shè)計 10
2.2.1 斗型的確定 10
2.2.2 鏟斗基本參數(shù)的確定 10
2.2.3 斗容驗算 12
2.3 工作裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 13
2.3.1 確定動臂形狀、長度與車架的鉸接位置 13
2.3.2 確定動臂油缸的鉸接位置及動臂油缸行程 15
2.3.3連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計 16
2.4 本章小結(jié) 19
3 裝載機(jī)工作裝置受力分析 20
3.1 工作裝置強(qiáng)度校核位置的確定 20
3.2 工作裝置典型工況選擇及外載荷確定 20
3.3 工作裝置受力分析 22
3.3.1 對稱工況 22
3.3.2 偏載工況 25
3.4 油缸作用力確定 26
3.4.1 轉(zhuǎn)斗油缸主動力確定 26
3.4.2 動臂油缸主動力確定 27
3.4.3 轉(zhuǎn)斗油缸和動臂油缸被動力確定 27
3.5 本章小結(jié) 27
4 裝載機(jī)工作裝置的三維建模 28
4.1 solidworks簡介 28
4.2 裝載機(jī)工作裝置個零件模型建立 28
4.3 工作裝置個零件模型裝配 31
4.4 本章小結(jié) 32
5 裝載機(jī)工作裝置有限元分析 33
5.1 COSMOS/Works基礎(chǔ) 33
5.2基于COSMOS/Works的有限元分析 34
5.3 本章小結(jié) 46
6 結(jié)論 47
參考文獻(xiàn) 48
附錄A：工作裝置裝配體工程圖 49
致謝 50