滾動(dòng)軸承故障振動(dòng)機(jī)理分析與測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)）


摘    要
滾動(dòng)軸承是旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械中應(yīng)用最廣泛的一種通用機(jī)械部件，其運(yùn)行狀態(tài)直接影響到整臺(tái)機(jī)器的性能。但是它的壽命離散性很大，對(duì)其進(jìn)行定時(shí)維修是不可取的，應(yīng)進(jìn)行工況監(jiān)控和故障診斷。所以就有必要對(duì)滾動(dòng)軸承的監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行初步的研究。
本文對(duì)滾動(dòng)軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、故障機(jī)理和振動(dòng)機(jī)理進(jìn)行了分析并開發(fā)滾動(dòng)軸承的振動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。簡(jiǎn)單介紹了滾動(dòng)軸承振動(dòng)信號(hào)的處理方法。通過對(duì)滾動(dòng)軸承振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)采集然后對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行時(shí)域分析和頻譜分析一實(shí)現(xiàn)的滾動(dòng)軸承狀態(tài)的監(jiān)測(cè)和故障的診斷。
本文主要從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了研究：
1）以滾動(dòng)軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理為基礎(chǔ)，分析了滾動(dòng)軸承振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的機(jī)理。并根據(jù)滾動(dòng)軸承振動(dòng)信號(hào)產(chǎn)生的機(jī)理及特點(diǎn)，分析振動(dòng)信號(hào)的采集方法以及由于故障的不同引起的不同形式的振動(dòng)。建立了簡(jiǎn)單的故障振動(dòng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，根據(jù)數(shù)學(xué)模型分析了滾動(dòng)軸承的故障振動(dòng)的機(jī)理和特征信號(hào)。
2）在學(xué)習(xí)Vc++程序開發(fā)方法及SQL Sever數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的應(yīng)用方法的基礎(chǔ)上，開發(fā)了滾動(dòng)軸承的故障測(cè)試系統(tǒng)，其中，著重對(duì)測(cè)點(diǎn)的選擇、傳感器的選擇與安裝、A/D卡的選擇及濾波方法的選擇作了重要的論述。通過測(cè)試系統(tǒng)對(duì)滾動(dòng)軸承振動(dòng)信號(hào)的實(shí)際分析，說明該系統(tǒng)可以很好的解決由于滾動(dòng)軸承的離散性而造成的定時(shí)維修不可取的困境。

關(guān)鍵詞：滾動(dòng)軸承，機(jī)理分析，測(cè)試系統(tǒng)

ABSTRACT

    The rolling bearing is one king of the most wide-used general mechanicl parts in the revolving machinery,its running status directly affects the entire machine performance.The uppermost characteristic of the rolling bearing is that the life separate is large,the regular maintenance is unadvisable but carrying on the operating mode monitoring and malfunction diagnosis.Therefore it is necessary tu conduct the preliminary research to the rolling bearing monitoring and diagnosis system.
This article conducted the research of the rolling bearing's Structural characteristics、malfunction elements and vibration elements,simply introduced the singal processing method of the rolling bearing's vibration and the monitoring and diagnosis system which carrys on the time domain analysis and the frequency domain analysis by collecting the date of the rolling bearing 's vibration in order to carry out the status monitoring and malfunction diagnosis of the rolling bearing.
This article mainly conducts research from several aspects below:
Frist, the structure of rolling and working principle is based on analysis of the rolling bearing vibration mechanism.Rolling vibration signals and in accordance with the mechanism and characteristics of vibration signals in the collection method as well as the different fault caused by different forms of vibration. Failure to establish a simple mathematical model of the vibration, according to a mathematical model of the rolling bearing failure and features of the mechanism of vibration signals.
 Second,In the study Vc + + development of methods and procedures SQL Sever database applications on the basis of the development of the Rolling fault testing system, of which focused on the choice of measurement points, the selection and installation of sensors, A / D card choices and Filtering method of choice, made an important expositions. Rolling through the test system on the actual analysis of vibration signals that the system can be a very good solution because of the dispersion of the Rolling caused by the plight of regular maintenance undesirable.

Keywords:rolling bearing,test system,mechanical analysis

目錄

中文摘要.................................................................Ⅰ
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................Ⅱ
1 概述.....................................................................1
    1.1課題的研究目的和意義..............................................1
    1.2國(guó)內(nèi)外研究的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀..............................................1
       1.2.1測(cè)試系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)狀.................................................2
       1.2.2旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械研究現(xiàn)狀.............................................2
    1.3課題的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 ...............................................3
2滾動(dòng)軸承故障機(jī)理的研究..............................................4
    2.1滾動(dòng)軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)及故障形式.............................................4
  2.1.1滾動(dòng)軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)..................................................4
  2.1.2滾動(dòng)軸承主要故障形式............................................4
    2.2滾動(dòng)軸承故障機(jī)理分析..................................................5
  2.2.1滾動(dòng)軸承工作原理及故障振動(dòng)模型的建立............................5
   2.2.2外滾道損傷機(jī)理分析..............................................7
   2.2.3內(nèi)滾道損傷機(jī)理分析..............................................8
   2.2.4滾動(dòng)體損傷機(jī)理分析..............................................9
    2.3滾動(dòng)軸承振動(dòng)特點(diǎn)分析 .................................................9
  2.3.1滾動(dòng)軸承的振動(dòng)類型..............................................9
  2.3.2滾動(dòng)軸承的振動(dòng)機(jī)理.............................................10
   2.4滾動(dòng)軸振動(dòng)信號(hào)特征..................................................10
  2.4.1正常滾動(dòng)軸承的振動(dòng)信號(hào)特征.....................................10
   2.4.2故障滾動(dòng)軸承的振動(dòng)信號(hào)特征.....................................12
3硬件部分和測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的研究...........................................16
     3.1硬件部分...........................................................16
     3.2傳感器.............................................................16
       3.2.1傳感器的種類...................................................16
        3.2.2傳感器的選擇與安裝.............................................17
     3.3 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器..........................................................18
       3.3.1A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的主要參數(shù)............................................18
        3.3.2A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的選擇..............................................19
      3.4測(cè)點(diǎn)的選擇.......................................................19
      3.5中間環(huán)節(jié)的設(shè)計(jì)...................................................20
        3.5.1放大器.......................................................20
         3.5.2慮波器.......................................................20
4滾動(dòng)軸承故障振動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)例分析...........22
      4.1軟件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)...................................................22
       4.2數(shù)據(jù)采集和分析...................................................24
       4.3實(shí)例分析.........................................................25
5結(jié)論與展望............................................................28
6參考文獻(xiàn)...............................................................29
7致謝....................................................................30