摘    要
　　　
　　　氣氨加熱器多數(shù)工作在高溫、高壓和腐蝕介質(zhì)的環(huán)境中，管板接頭往往是最薄弱、最易破壞的部位，因此對焊接質(zhì)量的要求很高。本論文為尋求最佳的焊接工藝，從各個方面進(jìn)行了探討、分析、研究，最后制定出了一條合理的焊接工藝路線和質(zhì)量控制方法，從而能夠獲得強(qiáng)度高、塑性和韌性好的優(yōu)質(zhì)焊接接頭，最終獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)合格的產(chǎn)品。
　　　通過分析熱交換器管板結(jié)構(gòu)和母材（0Cr18Ni9）的焊接性，弄清楚焊接時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)的缺陷和應(yīng)采取的防止措施，并選取了手工TIG焊。通過對TIG焊工藝的分析，選出了合適的工藝參數(shù)和焊接設(shè)備，制定出了符合產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)要求的優(yōu)良的焊接工藝。最后分別從焊前、焊中和焊后三個方面形成了一個質(zhì)量控制和檢驗(yàn)的完整體系，確保了管板焊接接頭質(zhì)量滿足設(shè)計(jì)和相關(guān)技術(shù)條件要求。
　　　本文對母材0Cr18Ni9奧氏體不銹鋼的焊接性分析和制定出的焊接工藝以及提出的質(zhì)量控制體系具有一定的理論研究價(jià)值和較高的實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
　　　
　　　
關(guān)鍵詞：管板，手工TIG，焊接工藝，質(zhì)量控制

ABSTRACT

　　　Most of the ammonia gas heaters work in the environment of high temperature, high pressure and corrosive media, and the weakest and most vulnerable to damage sites are often the pipe-board joints. Therefore, the welding quality must be very good. To find the best welding technology, by studying, discussing and researching many aspects, finally this paper draws up a reasonable route for welding technology and a method to control the quality, so as to acquire the superior welded joints with high strength, good plasticity and excellent tenacity, aiming to make high-quality products.
　　　By analyzing the pipe-board structure of the heat exchanger and the weld-ability of the base material (0Cr18Ni9), this paper finds out the possible defects and preventive measures, and selects Manual-TIG welding. By analyzing the TIG welding technology, the appropriate technology parameters and welding equipment are selected, and a good welding technology in accordance with the requirements of design of product is drawn up. Finally this paper constitutes a system of quality controlling and testing from before the welding operation, welding operation and after the welding operation, to ensure that the quality of the welding joint of pipe-board can meet the requirements of design and related technology conditions.
　　　In this paper, the weld-ability analysis of the base material (0Cr18Ni9) which is austenitic stainless steel and the welding technology drawn up and the system of quality controlling and testing are embodied with a certain theoretical value and practical value.
　　　
　　　
Key words：pipe-board,  Manual-TIG,  welding technology,  quality controlling
   

目   錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1緒論 1
  1.1 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 1
  1.2 本次設(shè)計(jì)的構(gòu)思和預(yù)期結(jié)果 2
2管板結(jié)構(gòu)分析 3
  2.1 熱交換器整體結(jié)構(gòu)分析 3
　2.2 熱交換器管板-管子結(jié)構(gòu)分析 3
3母材（0Cr18Ni9）的焊接性分析 5
  3.1 0Cr18Ni9奧氏體不銹鋼的化學(xué)成份及性能 5
　3.2 熔化焊常見缺陷及防止措施 6
　3.3焊接接頭的耐蝕性....................................................................................7
    3.3.1 晶間腐蝕 7
　　3.3.2 應(yīng)力腐蝕開裂...................................................................................9
　3.4焊接接頭的熱裂紋....................................................................................9
　3.5焊接接頭的“等強(qiáng)性” 10
4 熱交換器管板焊接工藝分析...............................................................11
　4.1 焊接方法的選用.....................................................................................11
　　4.1.1 0Cr18Ni9奧氏體不銹鋼焊接時(shí)的工藝特點(diǎn).............................................11
　　4.1.2 管板焊接接頭結(jié)構(gòu)的焊接工藝分析.......................................................11
　　4.1.3 確定焊接方法..................................................................................11
　4.2 焊接規(guī)范參數(shù)對接頭性能的影響................................................................14
　　4.2.1 焊縫形狀尺寸對焊縫質(zhì)量的影響..........................................................15
　　4.2.2 焊接規(guī)范參數(shù)對焊縫成形的影響..........................................................15
　　4.2.3 確定焊接電流..................................................................................17
　　4.2.4 初步確定電弧電壓............................................................................17
　4.3 焊接材料的選用.....................................................................................17
　　4.3.1 鎢極的選用.....................................................................................18
　　4.3.2 氬氣..............................................................................................19
　　4.3.3 焊絲..............................................................................................19
4.4焊接設(shè)備的分析與選配................................................................................19
　　4.4.1 焊接電源分析..................................................................................20
　　4.4.2 控制裝置........................................................................................22
　　4.4.3 焊槍..............................................................................................22
　　4.4.4 小結(jié)..............................................................................................23
5 熱交換器管板焊接工藝設(shè)計(jì)...............................................................25
6 焊接接頭質(zhì)量控制及檢驗(yàn)...................................................................27
　6.1 焊前質(zhì)量控制........................................................................................27
　6.2 焊接過程中質(zhì)量控制...............................................................................28
　6.3 焊后質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)........................................................................................29
7 結(jié)論 32
參考文獻(xiàn) 33
致謝 34