摘 要

生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程的迅速發(fā)展，帶來(lái)了人類醫(yī)療技術(shù)的革命。而病變、事故等原因?qū)е麦y關(guān)節(jié)功能喪失，給患者帶來(lái)了很大的不便。人工關(guān)節(jié)特別是人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)是一種能即刻緩解、消除關(guān)節(jié)疼痛，提高患者生活質(zhì)量的成功手術(shù)。
但是置換術(shù)后的中遠(yuǎn)期效果不能令人滿意，置入假體出現(xiàn)無(wú)菌松動(dòng)等并發(fā)癥，導(dǎo)致手術(shù)失敗引起翻修。目前，雖然對(duì)人工關(guān)節(jié)松動(dòng)的確切機(jī)理尚不清楚，但是致病因素基本可歸為兩大類：一為生物學(xué)因素，即松動(dòng)由磨損顆粒引起；另一為機(jī)械因素，即松動(dòng)由微動(dòng)、壓力等引起。
本文利用圖像處理和計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)，將股骨CT二維圖像進(jìn)行三維重建，設(shè)計(jì)了解剖型假體，與股骨虛擬裝配后，通過(guò)有限元軟件（ANSYS）分析假體在步態(tài)載荷作用下的位移變化情況。假體的位移在二十微米左右，結(jié)合Jasty等人關(guān)于微動(dòng)對(duì)假體松動(dòng)影響的研究成果，證實(shí)解剖型假體具有較好的初始穩(wěn)定性，有利于減少由于微動(dòng)造成的假體松動(dòng)。


關(guān)鍵詞：髖關(guān)節(jié)假體，步態(tài)載荷，有限元法，微動(dòng)


















ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of biomedical engineering, it brings the revolution of medical technique. However, the loss of hip joint function caused by pathologic change, accident and so on makes patients inconvenient seriously. Joint replacement, especially hip joint replacement is a successful surgical procedure, which can release and eliminate the pain of joint, advance life quality of patients and so on.
But the long-term stability of the artificial joint is not satisfactory, with the aseptic loosening and other complications, which lead to the failure of the operation. At present, although the exact mechanism of loosening is not clear, many researchers consider that both the mechanics and the biology factors can cause the loosening, for example, fretting and wearing chippings.
On the basis of image Processing technique and computer aided design technique，three dimensional digital model of femur was reconstructed from CT data. An anatomical prosthesis is designed by Pro/E, virtual assembled with the femur. Through the finite element software (ANSYS), simulate the displacement of prosthesis according the gait loads. The displacement of prosthesis is about 20μm. According to Jasty’s research results, it proves that anatomical prosthesis has good initial stability, which can reduce the prosthesis loosening caused by fretting.


Key words：Hip prosthesis, Gait load, Finite element method, Fretting













目 錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1緒論 1
1.1引言 1
1.2人工髖關(guān)節(jié)的發(fā)展 1
1.2.1 人體髖關(guān)節(jié)的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)和生物力學(xué)特點(diǎn) 1
1.2.2 人工髖關(guān)節(jié)及研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.2.1 人工髖關(guān)節(jié)材料 3
1.2.2.2 人工髖關(guān)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì) 5
1.2.2.3 人工髖關(guān)節(jié)的固定 6
1.3 解剖型人工髖關(guān)節(jié) 7
1.4 本課題研究目的及內(nèi)容 9
2股骨三維實(shí)體模型的建立 10
2.1 CT圖像數(shù)據(jù)的采集 10
2.2 CT圖像數(shù)據(jù)處理及輸出 11
2.3 股骨模型三維重建 13
2.4 本章小結(jié) 16
3 解剖型假體的設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.1 概述 17
3.2 假體的設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.3 假體與股骨的虛擬裝配 22
3.4 本章小結(jié) 22
4 假體在步態(tài)載荷作用下位移的有限元分析 23
4.1 引言 23
4.2 有限元分析 23
4.2.1 定義材料屬性 23
4.2.2 網(wǎng)格劃分 24
4.2.3 接觸設(shè)置 25
4.2.4 施加載荷與約束 28
4.2.5 求解器設(shè)置 31
4.3 察看結(jié)果 32
4.4 本章小結(jié) 33
5 結(jié)果分析 34
5.1 假體位移結(jié)果分析 34
5.2 微動(dòng)對(duì)人工髖關(guān)節(jié)松動(dòng)的影響分析 36
5.3 本章小結(jié) 37
6 結(jié)論與展望 38
6.1 全文工作總結(jié) 38
6.2 今后研究工作展望 38
致謝 39
參考文獻(xiàn) 40