倒簽、預借提單若干法律問題研究

摘要
 倒簽、預借提單是航運貿(mào)易中常見的一種海事欺詐行為。本文試從民法的一般原理出發(fā)，綜合運用法理學的研究方法，探求倒簽、預借提單的法律性質(zhì)；在此基礎上剖析了倒簽、預借提單的單證功效以及與其密切相關的海運保函的性質(zhì)和法律效力；最后，從實務的角度出發(fā)，結(jié)合以上分析，提出了應如何對被倒簽、預借提單方進行有效法律救濟的現(xiàn)實對策，從而進一步完善我國相關法律制度，促進海運貿(mào)易的健康蓬勃發(fā)展。

Anti-dated B/L and Advanced B/L are common kinds of fraud in today’s maritime shipping trade. Starting from the general principles of Civil Law, this article widely and deeply discusses the legal nature of Anti-dated B/L and Advanced B/L, using a comprehensive method mixed with general principles of jurisprudence. Based on the discussion, this paper further provides analysis to the efficacy of these two letters as well as another Letter of Indemnity closely related to them, and thereof giving a potential solution to protecting consignee efficiently, which will refine the law system of our nation and make our maritime shipping trade healthier and more prosperous.

目錄

導言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
一、倒簽、預借提單行為的法律性質(zhì)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
（一）學術界目前存在的幾種觀點．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
1、違約行為說．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
2、侵權行為說．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2
3、違約、侵權競合說．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
4、締約過失責任說．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
（二）倒簽、預借提單行為從本質(zhì)上講是一種侵害第二性債權行為．．．3
二、倒簽、預借提單的單證功效．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5
（一）倒簽、預借提單與民事欺詐．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5
（二）倒簽、預借提單的單證效力．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5
1、從相關法律的立法意圖看．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5
2、從保護無過錯方的角度．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6
3、從制裁過錯方的角度．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6
4、從提單的作用看．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6
（三）倒簽、預借提單與信用證欺詐例外．．．．．．．．．．．．．7
三、倒簽、預借提單行為中出具保函的法律問題．．．．．．．．．．7
四、從倒簽、預借提單的法律救濟看提單制度的完善．．．．．．．．9
結(jié)語．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．9
參考文獻．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．12