船舶在狹水道安全航行方法探討

[摘要] 狹水道是指水深和水道寬度受到限制，而給通過(guò)該水域的船舶操縱帶來(lái)影響的水域，如港區(qū)、江河、運(yùn)河、錨地、島礁區(qū)、狹窄海峽和其他限制航道等。狹水道內(nèi)航道狹窄而且彎曲，水流和水深變化較大，航海危險(xiǎn)物較多，來(lái)往船只密集，航行比較困難，許多海事是由于在狹水道中的航行和操縱措施不當(dāng)而引起的，因此，狹水道航行要求駕駛員必須了解狹水道的航行特點(diǎn)，掌握狹水道內(nèi)各種導(dǎo)航、轉(zhuǎn)向、避險(xiǎn)和過(guò)淺灘方法 ，以及各種注意事項(xiàng)和應(yīng)急措施，正確合理的運(yùn)用避碰規(guī)則中狹水道航行條款。在此，結(jié)合COSCO ANTWERP在哥倫比亞河和長(zhǎng)江口水道中的航行事例，針對(duì)船舶在狹水道航行的具體情況，提出在操船過(guò)程中的一些方法和注意事項(xiàng)，從而確保船舶在狹水道中的航行安全。
 
[關(guān)鍵詞] 船舶  狹水道  航行方法  操縱方法 

Navigate in the narrow channel

[Abstract] Narrow channel means that the depth and width of the water are restricted, and takes some trouble to the vessel which navigate in this water. Such as harbor area, river, canal, anchorage, island-reef area, narrow straits and other restriction channel etc. The narrow channel inside the waterway is narrow and bendt, water current and water depth change frequently and greatly, there so many navigation dangerous objects and so many ships sailing in the area. Many maritime accidents are caused by unappropriately manoeuvring when  navigate in the narrow channel. Therefore, navigating in the narrow channel request the officer to understand the navigation characters of narrow channel and can use various measures to pilot,alter course,avoid dangerous objects,and pass the shallow. Besides, the officer should understand the notice and all of the emergency procedures, and use the rules of avoiding collision properly and correctly in narrow channels. Hereon, combine the facts of MV COSCO ANTWERP navigating in Columbia river and the intrance of Changjiang river to expatiate some manoeuvring methods and
emergency procedures about the vessel sailing in the narrow channel.So,we can make sure the safety of ship navigating in the narrow channel.

[Key words] vessel  narrow channel  navigating  manoeuvringmethod

 
目錄

引 言 .............................................................1
第1章  狹水道特點(diǎn) ................................................2
1．1 航道 水深 ................................................2
1．2 潮流湍急 流向多變 ........................................2
1．3 航區(qū)復(fù)雜 障礙物多 ........................................2
1．4 通航船舶 .................................................3
1．5 船舶定線制 ...............................................4
第2章  狹水道中操船方法 ..........................................5
2．1 過(guò)淺灘方法 ...............................................5
2．2 導(dǎo)航方法 .................................................7
2．3 轉(zhuǎn)向方法 ................................................11
2．4 避險(xiǎn)方法 ................................................12
2．5 避讓要領(lǐng) ................................................13
2. 6航海儀器的正確使用 .......................................14
第3章  航行方法的應(yīng)用 ...........................................16
3 .1 哥倫比亞河航行 ..........................................16
3. 2 長(zhǎng)江口航行 ..............................................18
第4章  狹水道中操船的注意事項(xiàng)及應(yīng)急措施  ........................20
4. 1 狹水道航行的注意事項(xiàng) ....................................20
4. 2 狹水道航行的應(yīng)急措施 ....................................22
結(jié)論 .............................................................24
致謝信 ...........................................................25
參考文獻(xiàn) .........................................................26