長江口和東海海域的氣象海況條件及安全航行對策

[摘要] 海洋環(huán)境的好壞直接影響到船舶的航行安全和經濟效益，特別是某些惡劣的天氣系統(tǒng)所引起的狂風巨浪和災害性天氣不僅使船舶操縱困難，而且還可導致嚴重的海損事故，因此，對于各海域的氣象和海況，尤其是災害性天氣的掌握就顯得尤為重要。本文主要探討研究了影響長江口和東海海域內航行安全的氣象海況條件。結合長江口和東海特殊的地形地貌特征，總結長江口和東海海域的風、浪、流等氣候要素的分布規(guī)律，以及在長江口和東海經常出現(xiàn)的幾種重要的天氣系統(tǒng)。并在此基礎上系統(tǒng)分析了影響長江口和東海的災害性天氣在各海區(qū)的分布規(guī)律。

[關鍵詞]  長江口和東海  氣候要素  天氣系統(tǒng)  安全對策

 
The weather Conditions of the Yangtze River estuary and East China Sea and sea navigation safety countermeasures

Abstract：The ship's safety and economic effects depend on whether the oceanic conditions are good or not. Particularly some synoptic systems conducing the storm and very high sea not only makes the ships be manipulated difficultly, but also brings about fearful shipwreck. So, it looks particularly important to master the weather and sea condition of every sea area, in particular the disastrous weather. The paper focused on the weather and sea condition which impact the safety of navigation on The Yangtze River estuary and East China Sea. With special topography features of The Yangtze River estuary and East China Sea, the paper sum up the distribution of climate elements such as wind, wave and flow, and several important weather systems which often appear in The Yangtze River estuary and East China Sea, on basis of which, I systematically analyses the distribution of disastrous weather impacting The Yangtze River estuary and East China Sea in each sea area.

Key words：The Yangtze River estuary and East China Sea   climate elements 
 weather system   Safety Measures

 
目 錄

引 言 1
第1章 長江口和東海海域氣象海況基本情況 2
1.1 長江口的基本情況 2
1.2 東海海域的基本情況 3
第2章  長江口和東海海域的水文氣象特征 6
2.1 長江口和東海海域的風 6
2.2 長江口和東海海域的浪 7
2.3 長江口和東海海域的流 8
2.3.1 長江口和東海海域的環(huán)流 8
2.3.2 長江口和東海海域的沿岸流 9
2.3.3 長江口和東海海域的外海流系 11
2.4 長江口和東海海域的風暴潮 12
第3章 長江口和東海海域的幾種天氣系統(tǒng) 16
3.1 極鋒 16
3.2 西太平洋副熱帶高壓 16
3.3 溫帶氣旋 16
3.4 熱帶氣旋 18
第4章  長江口和東海海域的惡劣天氣及安全航行對策 20
4.1 長江口附近及東海海域惡劣天氣對航行船舶的影響 20
4.1.1 寒潮大風的影響 20
4.1.2  溫帶氣旋的影響 21
4.1.3 臺風的影響 23
4.1.4 海霧的影響 24
4.2 船舶遭遇寒潮和溫、熱帶氣旋大風時應采取的安全措施 26
4.2.1 做好大風浪航行的準備工作 26
4.2.1 加強值班．運用良好船藝。謹慎駕駛 26
4.3 船舶在霧中航行應采取的安全措施 27
4.3.1 進入霧區(qū)前的準備工作 27
4.3.2 霧中航行應采取的措施和注意事項 27
結 論 28
致謝語 29
參考文獻 30