轎車機(jī)械式變速器設(shè)計(jì)


摘要

變速器用來改變發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)傳到驅(qū)動(dòng)輪上的轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)速，目的是在原地起步，爬坡，轉(zhuǎn)彎，加速等各種行駛工況下，使汽車獲得不同的牽引力和速度，同時(shí)使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在最有利工況范圍內(nèi)工作。變速器設(shè)有空擋和倒擋。需要時(shí)變速器還有動(dòng)力輸出功能。
因?yàn)樽兯傧湓诘蜋n工作時(shí)作用有較大的力，所以一般變速箱的低檔都布置靠近軸的后支承處，然后按照從低檔到高檔順序布置各檔位齒輪。這樣做既能使軸有足夠大的剛性，又能保證裝配容易。變速箱整體結(jié)構(gòu)剛性與軸和殼體的結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)系。一般通過控制軸的長(zhǎng)度即控制檔數(shù)，來保證變速箱有足夠的剛性。
本文設(shè)計(jì)研究了三軸式五擋手動(dòng)變速器，對(duì)變速器的工作原理做了闡述，變速器的各擋齒輪和軸做了詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，并進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度校核，對(duì)一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件進(jìn)行了選型。變速器的傳動(dòng)方案設(shè)計(jì)。簡(jiǎn)單講述了變速器中各部件材料的選擇。
關(guān)鍵字：擋數(shù)；傳動(dòng)比；齒數(shù)；軸

Abstract

Transmission to change the engine reached on the driving wheel torque and speed, is aimed at marking start, climbing, turning, accelerate various driving conditions, the car was different traction and speed Meanwhile engine in the most favorable working conditions within the scope of the work. And the trans mission in neutral gear with reverse gear. Transmission also need power output function.
Gearbox because of the low-grade work at a larger role, In general, the low-grade gearbox layout are close to the axis after support, Following from low-grade to high-grade order of the layout of stalls gear. This will not only allow axis are large enough for a rigid, but also ensures easy assembly. Gear box overall structure and rigid axle and the shell structure of relations. Generally through the control shaft length control over several stalls to ensure that adequate gear box rigid.
This paper describes the design of three-axis five block manual trans mission, the transmission principle of work elaborated, Transmission of the gear shaft and do a detailed design, and the intensity of a school. For some standard parts for the selection. Transmission Trans mission program design. A brief description of the trans mission of all components of the material choice.
Keywords : block; Transmission ratio; Teeth; Axis

 
目錄

前言 1
1 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 3
1.1 汽車參數(shù)的選擇 3
1.2 變速器設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)滿足的基本要求 3
2 變速器傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)布置方案 4
2.1 傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)布置方案分析 4
2.1.1 固定軸式變速器 4
2.1.2 倒擋布置方案 5
2.1.3 其他問題 7
3 零部件結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析 8
3.1 齒輪形式 8
3.2 換擋機(jī)構(gòu)形式 8
3.3 變速器軸承 10
4變速器設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算 11
4.1 擋數(shù) 11
4.2 傳動(dòng)比范圍 11
4.3 中心距A 11
4.4 外形尺寸 12
4.5 軸的直徑 12
4.6 齒輪參數(shù) 12
4.6.1 模數(shù)的選取 12
4.6.2 壓力角  13
4.6.3 螺旋角  13
4.6.4 齒寬b 14
4.6.5 變位系數(shù)的選擇原則 15
4.7 各擋齒輪齒數(shù)的分配 16
4.7.1 確定一擋齒輪的齒數(shù) 16
4.7.2 對(duì)中心距進(jìn)行修正 17
4.7.3 確定常嚙合傳動(dòng)齒輪副的齒數(shù) 17
4.7.4 確定其他各擋的齒數(shù) 17
4.7.5 確定倒擋齒輪齒數(shù) 18
5 變速器的校核 19
5.1 齒輪的損壞形式 19
5.2 齒輪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 19
5.2.1 齒輪彎曲強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 19
5.2.2 輪齒接觸應(yīng)力計(jì)算 21
5.2.3 軸的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 23
6 同步器的選型 26
6.1 鎖銷式同步器 26
6.1.1 鎖銷式同步器結(jié)構(gòu) 26
6.1.2 鎖銷式同步器工作原理 27
6.2 鎖環(huán)式同步器 27
6.2.1 鎖環(huán)式同步器結(jié)構(gòu) 27
6.2.2 鎖環(huán)式同步器工作原理 28
6.2.3 鎖環(huán)式同步器主要尺寸的確定 29
7 變速器操縱機(jī)構(gòu) 32
7.1 直接操縱手動(dòng)換擋變速器 32
7.2 遠(yuǎn)距離操縱手動(dòng)換擋變速器 32
8 結(jié)論 34
致謝 35
參考文獻(xiàn) 36
附錄A1譯文 37
附錄A2譯文 41
附錄B1外文文獻(xiàn) 46
附錄B2外文文獻(xiàn) 51