摘要
在這篇論文里，我們主要介紹一種變電站的蓄電池的智能充電裝置，它以89C51單片機作為控制核心。
在文章的開始，介紹在現(xiàn)階段電池的發(fā)展、充電方法問題和這種充電裝置的實際的意義。其后簡單的介紹了蓄電池的充電方法和它們的優(yōu)缺點的比較。緊接著的充電裝置方案里面主要介紹了主回路和控制的思想。充電系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計是文章的重點，分別介紹了晶閘管主回路、89C51單片機的特點及其I/O口的分布、同步電路。外圍電路主要有：電源、復(fù)位電路、時鐘電路、顯示電路等，對外圍電路的設(shè)計研究情況做了全面的描述，并詳細分析了各部分電路的組成、功能與工作原理。最后是軟件設(shè)計部分，只是設(shè)計了部分程序。
在現(xiàn)實單片機控制的蓄電池充電裝置中已經(jīng)設(shè)計出來，89C51控制的充電裝置已經(jīng)開始應(yīng)用。

關(guān)鍵字： 89C51單片機 晶閘管  整流  充電 

Abstract
In this thesis, we mainly introduce the intellectual charging set of the battery of a kind of transformer substation, using 89C51 single-chip microcomputer as a core controller.
The beginning in the article, the development of the battery,the problem of charge-up method and the real meaning of this kind of charging set at the present stage has been introduced. Following, the charge-up method of the thereafter and battery compares with their pluses and minuses have been briefly stated. Next: Have mainly introduced the main return circuit and thought of control. Charge the systematic hardware and design is the focal point of the article.  The article have recommended the brilliant floodgate to be in charge of the main return circuit , characteristic distribution of I/O port , synchronous circuit of 89C51 single-chip microcomputer There is the peripheral circuit mainly  Power， Restored，Clock ，Show the circuit .All of thoseHave designed the situation of studying and done overall description and has analysed the composition, function and operation principle of every part of circuit in detail. In the last ,it is some of software design, just design some procedures .
The battery charging set that the single-chip microcomputer controlled has already been designed out。Also the charging set that 89C51 controlled has already begun application.
Key word:   89C51 Single-chip Microcomputer  The brilliant floodgate
managing   Rectification  Charge
 
目錄
1 緒論 1
1.1 國內(nèi)外鉛酸蓄電池的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 1
1.2 蓄電池充電技術(shù)的發(fā)展狀況 2
1.3 問題的提出 3
1.4 選題意義 3
2 蓄電池的充電工藝 5
2.1 蓄電池的微觀充電特性 5
2. 2 充電方法分析 5
2.2.1充電控制方法 5
2.2.2充電程度判斷 6
2.2.3停充控制 6
2.3 充電方法及其存在的問題 8
2.3.1恒流充電 8
2.3.2恒壓充電 10
2.3.3恒壓限流充電 11
2.3.4兩階段充電 11
2.3.5快速充電 12
2.3.6單片機控制的智能充電 13
3 充電裝置方案選擇 15
3.1 主回路的選擇 15
3.1.1晶閘管整流器 15
3.1.2PWM可逆整流器 16
3.2 充電方案 17
3.2.1恒流充電控制 17
3.2.2恒壓恒流雙閉環(huán)充電方案 18
4 充電裝置的硬件設(shè)計 19
4.1 晶閘管可控整流裝置主電路 20
4.2整流器設(shè)計 20
4.2.1整流變壓器設(shè)計 21
4.2.2濾波電抗器電感量L的計算 22
4.2.3晶閘管參數(shù)的計算 22
4.2.4阻容保護參數(shù)的計算 23
4.2.5快速熔斷器的計算： 24
4.3 89C51單片機的I/O口的分配 24
4.4 同步電路 25
4.5 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換部分 27
4.5.1ADC0809簡介 27
4.5.2ADC0809與 89C51單片機的接口 27
4.5.3電流閉環(huán)調(diào)節(jié)電路電流檢測 28
4.5.4電壓電流雙閉環(huán)調(diào)節(jié)電路 29
4.5.5電流電壓給定 30
4.6 8255A與單片機的接口 30
4.6.18255A端口的選擇 31
4.6.2觸發(fā)脈沖輸出電路 31
4.7 單片機的外圍電路 33
4.7.1電源部分 33
4.7.2復(fù)位電路 36
4.7.3時鐘電路 36
5 充電裝置的軟件設(shè)計 37
5.1 相位判斷 37
5.2 移相控制 37
5.3數(shù)字調(diào)節(jié)器的設(shè)計 38
5.4 觸發(fā)器的程序設(shè)計 39
5.5主程序的設(shè)計： 41
5.4.1主程序流程圖 41
5.4.2主程序設(shè)計 41
5.6顯示部分的流程圖 43
致謝 45
參考文獻 46
附錄 47