畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 基于LabVIEW的控制系統(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計(jì)

摘  要

現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展日新月異，在工業(yè)自動(dòng)化和測(cè)試及測(cè)量領(lǐng)域，傳統(tǒng)的儀器功能固定且由廠商定義，已經(jīng)不能適應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展的需要。而虛擬儀器（Virtual Instrument，簡(jiǎn)稱VI）則可以由用戶定義，用軟件來實(shí)現(xiàn)硬件儀器，徹底打破了傳統(tǒng)儀器由廠家定義，用戶無法改變的局面，引起了儀器和自動(dòng)化工業(yè)的一場(chǎng)革命。虛擬儀器既具有傳統(tǒng)儀器的功能，又有獨(dú)特的靈活性，它能夠充分利用和發(fā)揮現(xiàn)有計(jì)算機(jī)先進(jìn)技術(shù)，使儀器的測(cè)試和測(cè)量及自動(dòng)化工業(yè)的系統(tǒng)測(cè)試和監(jiān)控變得異常方便和快捷。
LabVIEW（Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench實(shí)驗(yàn)室虛擬儀器工程平臺(tái)）是一款出眾的虛擬儀器軟件開發(fā)工具。它擁有其卓越的人機(jī)界面、強(qiáng)大而易于實(shí)現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)采集功能和圖形化編程語言等眾多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在測(cè)控領(lǐng)域愈來愈受到工程師的重視。
本文在LabVIEW的控制設(shè)計(jì)包和仿真模塊的基礎(chǔ)上，研究了如何在LabVIEW平臺(tái)上對(duì)典型控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)與仿真。首先介紹了LabVIEW的使用，然后研究了受控對(duì)象的數(shù)學(xué)建模與分析，并研究了控制器的設(shè)計(jì)和PID控制器參數(shù)自整定的方法，最后對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了仿真，包括離線和在線仿真。

關(guān)鍵詞： 虛擬儀器、LabVIEW、控制系統(tǒng)模型、PID控制、開環(huán)分析、自整定、系統(tǒng)仿真

Abstract

Traditional measurements and controllers’ function are defined by manufacturers, and it is hard for users to make any changes. With the rapid development of the modern technology, Virtual Instrument (VI for short) comes to application. Its function could be defined by users instead of manufacturers, more revolutionarily, it use software to realize hard-instrument’ function. Compare to traditional measurements, using Virtual Instruments is much more convenience. In virtue of computer science, Virtual Instrument is more and more popular in the industry application.
LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) is a topping VI software. It has strong points such as outstanding man-machine interface, powerful data acquisition and graphical programming language, etc. On account of these good qualities, it is gaining an increasing number of engineers’ recognition.
Based on the LabVIEW control design toolkit and simulation module, how to perform the control system design and simulation on the LabVIEW platform was discussed. Firstly, give a brief introduction of Virtual Instrument and LabVIEW; Then, discuss the developing and analyzing a mathematical model of the plant; Afterwards, discuss  designing the controller, the emphasis is the method of tuning the PID controller ’ s parameters; At last, perform the dynamic system simulation, including the off-line simulation and on-line simulation.
Key words:  Virtual Instrument, LabVIEW, Control System Model, PID Control, Open-Loop System Analyze, Auto-adjusting, System Simulation

目   錄

第一章 緒論 6
1.1   課題研究的背景、意義和目的 6
1.2   國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 6
1.3   本論文的研究內(nèi)容 7
第二章 LABVIEW應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ) 8
2.1 虛擬儀器概述 8
2.1.1 虛擬儀器的概念 8
2.1.2 虛擬儀器的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 8
2.1.3 虛擬儀器的功能 9
2.1.4 虛擬儀器實(shí)例 10
2.2 LABVIEW概論 11
2.2.1 什么是LabVIEW 11
2.2.2 LabVIEW的特點(diǎn) 11
2.3 LABVIEW入門 12
2.3.1 啟動(dòng)界面介紹 12
2.3.2 前面板及程序框圖 13
2.3.3 示例 14
第三章 控制系統(tǒng)的模型分析 18
3.1 控制系統(tǒng)概述 18
3.2 傳遞函數(shù)表達(dá)式 18
3.3 建模示例 19
3.4 典型環(huán)節(jié)模型 20
第四章 控制器的分析與設(shè)計(jì) 25
4.1 引言 25
4.2 PID控制器介紹 25
4.2.1 PID控制器結(jié)構(gòu) 25
4.2.2 PID各參數(shù)作用 26
4.2.3 PID參數(shù)整定方法 28
4.2.4 繼電自整定法 32
第五章 控制包設(shè)計(jì) 35
5.1 控制包介紹 35
5.2 構(gòu)造函數(shù)模型 35
5.3 系統(tǒng)開環(huán)特性分析 36
5.4 構(gòu)造開環(huán)及閉環(huán)系統(tǒng) 38
5.5 構(gòu)造離散傳遞函數(shù)模型 39
5.6 延時(shí)信息的合并 40
5.7 控制設(shè)計(jì)與仿真的轉(zhuǎn)換 43
5.8 控制器的設(shè)計(jì) 43
5.8.1 快速整定法 43
5.8.2 臨界比例度法 46
第六章 仿真模塊設(shè)計(jì) 51
6.1 仿真包介紹 51
6.2 簡(jiǎn)單仿真示例 51
6.3 離線仿真自整定 53
6.4 在線仿真自整定 54
第七章 總結(jié) 57
參考文獻(xiàn) 58
致謝 59