我國中小企業(yè)融資的影響因素及管理策略探析
摘 要
中小企業(yè)已成為我國社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中最具活力的源泉，在我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中起著舉足輕重的作用。但是目前融資緊張仍然是困擾我國中小企業(yè)的普遍難題，八成以上中小企業(yè)的流動(dòng)資金不足，超過六成的企業(yè)沒有中長期貸款，融資難已成為制約中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的主要瓶頸，這從2008年爆發(fā)國際金融危機(jī)之后一些抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力相對(duì)較弱的中小企業(yè)紛紛倒閉中可見一斑。在這種經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢之下，如何很好地解決中小企業(yè)融資困難是本文著重研究的問題，也是當(dāng)前我們國家和政府亟待解決的問題。
本文的研究目的是從理論上分析破解中小企業(yè)融資困境的有效途徑，推進(jìn)中小企業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮更大作用。本文首先闡述了中小企業(yè)融資研究的背景、意義和國內(nèi)外研究概況；其次，通過了解中小企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)特征和治理結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀，進(jìn)一步解讀我國中小企業(yè)融資的現(xiàn)狀以及融資途徑，總結(jié)并分析中小企業(yè)融資存在的困難；最后，運(yùn)用三個(gè)案例對(duì)三種不同的融資方式進(jìn)行比較分析，并提出解決中小企業(yè)融資難的對(duì)策建議。
本文的研究表明，破解中小企業(yè)融資是一項(xiàng)長期而又復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程，在實(shí)踐中結(jié)合我國國情創(chuàng)新思路，穩(wěn)妥解決。這不僅需要中小企業(yè)自身的努力，而且需要我國政府和各金融機(jī)構(gòu)采取積極態(tài)度，不斷完善中小企業(yè)融資的宏觀環(huán)境。

關(guān)鍵詞：中小企業(yè)，融資困境，對(duì)策



















Studying what factors influence the financing of Chinese SMEs and how to solve the relating management problems
Abstract
The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been the most active fountainhead in the process of socialist economic construction, it plays a critical role in national economy growth. But the financing difficulty has been the general problems of SMEs in the current, more than 80% SMEs’ floating capital is insufficient, over 80% SMEs don’t have the medium and long-term loan, financing difficulty has been the main bottleneck of the SMEs, since from 2008, some SMEs had been closure because of the international financial crisis, which can we be aware of the difficult the SEMs had. Under this kind of economic situation, how to solve financing difficulty successfully is the topic this paper focuses on and the urgent issue our government want to solve.
To find a theoretical way to solve the plight of SMEs financing effectively and to promote SMEs playing a greater role in the national economy is the objective of this paper. The paper first introduces the background, significance and domestic and foreign research profile of the study of the SMEs financing. Secondly, by understanding the economic characteristics and the governance structure of SMEs, and further interpretation of the status quo of SMEs financing and the way to finance, summary and analysis of the financing difficulties of SMEs. Lastly, using three cases to comparative analysis three different financing methods and propose the suggestion how to solution SMEs financing.
This study shows solving the SMEs financing difficulties is a long-term and complex system engineering, to combine with our national conditions to innovate ideas in practice and solve the financing difficulties successfully. This requires not only efforts of SMEs themselves, but also the governments and our financial institutions adopt a positive attitude and constantly improve the macro-environment for SMEs financing.

Key words: SMEs, financing difficulty, countermeasure





目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
一、緒論 1
（一）研究背景與意義 1
1.研究背景 1
2.研究意義 1
（二）國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究概況 2
1.國外研究概況 2
2.國內(nèi)研究概況 2
（三）研究內(nèi)容與研究方法 3
1.研究內(nèi)容 3
2.研究方法 4
二、中小企業(yè)融資的相關(guān)概念及理論基礎(chǔ) 5
（一）中小企業(yè)的界定 5
1.美國、日本和歐盟對(duì)中小企業(yè)的界定 5
2.我國中小企業(yè)的劃分 5
（二）中小企業(yè)融資的理論基礎(chǔ) 6
1.優(yōu)序融資理論 6
2.關(guān)系型信貸理論 6
3.金融成長周期理論 7
三、我國中小企業(yè)融資的困境及原因分析 8
（一）我國中小企業(yè)融資的困境 8
1.中小企業(yè)融資渠道單一 8
2.銀行貸款難 8
3.擔(dān)保難 8
4.融資成本高 8
5.缺少為中小企業(yè)提供融資服務(wù)的金融機(jī)構(gòu) 8
（二）中小企業(yè)融資困難的成因 9
1.中小企業(yè)法律政策體系不完善，信用擔(dān)保制度不健全，缺乏完備的信用管理體系 9
2.銀行方面的因素 9
3.中小企業(yè)自身的因素 10
四、我國中小企業(yè)融資方式的典型案例分析 11
（一）民間借貸融資—以晉江一家服裝公司為例 11
1. 泉州民間借貸融資現(xiàn)狀 11
2.民間融資對(duì)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的促進(jìn)作用 11
（二）政策性基金融資—以點(diǎn)擊科技有限公司為例 12
1.公司簡介 12
2.創(chuàng)新基金助點(diǎn)擊科技快速起航 12
3.創(chuàng)新基金對(duì)科技型中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的促進(jìn)作用 13
（三）創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市融資—以神州泰岳軟件股份有限公司為例 13
1.公司背景 13
2.創(chuàng)業(yè)板成功上市的重要因素 13
（四）三種融資方式的優(yōu)劣及適用條件 15
五、解決我國中小企業(yè)融資困境的對(duì)策 16
（一）政府管理部門重視完善和落實(shí)扶持中小企業(yè)的相關(guān)政策 16
1.完善社會(huì)法律體系 16
2.大力發(fā)展中小企業(yè)融資擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu) 16
3.進(jìn)一步拓寬中小企業(yè)融資渠道 16
（二）商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)該改變經(jīng)營策略，努力提高對(duì)中小企業(yè)的金融服務(wù)水平 17
1.改變銀行的經(jīng)營理念，提高業(yè)務(wù)創(chuàng)新能力 17
2.完善中小企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)的考核與激勵(lì)機(jī)制 17
3.健全金融服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)體系 17
（三）加強(qiáng)中小..