X7132數(shù)控銑床進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)


摘要
   
數(shù)控銑床進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的作用是接受數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)出的進(jìn)給速度和位移指令信號(hào)，由伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)電路作轉(zhuǎn)換和放大后，經(jīng)伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置（直流或交流伺服電動(dòng)機(jī)、功率步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)、電液脈沖馬達(dá)等）和機(jī)械傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)床的工作臺(tái)、主軸頭架等執(zhí)行部件實(shí)現(xiàn)工作進(jìn)給和快速運(yùn)動(dòng)。所以，機(jī)械傳動(dòng)部件的設(shè)計(jì)好壞對(duì)進(jìn)給伺服單元的伺服性能影響很大。
目前，大多數(shù)傳統(tǒng)X7132數(shù)控銑床采用步進(jìn)電機(jī)通過(guò)與一對(duì)齒輪副（減速機(jī)構(gòu)）連接帶動(dòng)絲杠旋轉(zhuǎn)的傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)方案（即齒輪傳動(dòng)方案），但這種方案增加了系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性以及生產(chǎn)成本，同時(shí)工作的傳動(dòng)精度和平穩(wěn)性較低。所以，此處選擇讓步進(jìn)電機(jī)同聯(lián)軸器相連接進(jìn)而帶動(dòng)絲杠旋轉(zhuǎn)的傳動(dòng)方案（即聯(lián)軸器傳動(dòng)方案），同齒輪傳動(dòng)方案相比，這不僅能減少產(chǎn)生誤差的環(huán)節(jié)，簡(jiǎn)化系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和降低生產(chǎn)成本，同時(shí)能提高運(yùn)動(dòng)精度和動(dòng)作靈敏度。
由于所要設(shè)計(jì)的銑床的進(jìn)給速度較高及對(duì)銑床的運(yùn)動(dòng)精度、平穩(wěn)性要求較高，所以此處選用滾珠絲杠傳動(dòng)。同螺紋傳動(dòng)相比，在高速情況下它更能滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)要求，效率高、壽命長(zhǎng)。
同時(shí)，根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求選取了伺服電機(jī)、聯(lián)軸器、導(dǎo)軌等，進(jìn)而確定了床身、工作臺(tái)、基座、滑座等的基本尺寸，并用Pro/E軟件繪制了銑床進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)的三維立體圖形。

關(guān)鍵詞　X7132數(shù)控銑床；聯(lián)軸器傳動(dòng)；滾珠絲杠；伺服電機(jī)；Pro/E；

CNC Milling Machine X7132 feed drive system design          
Abstract

CNC milling machine feed drive system is accepted into the NC system issued instructions to the velocity and displacement signals, by the servo drive circuit for the conversion and amplification, by the servo drive system (DC or AC servo motor, stepper motor power, electro-hydraulic pulse motor, etc.) and mechanical transmission，The table-driven machine tool, spindle, such as the implementation of the first two components of work-feed and rapid movement. So, The design of mechanical transmission components of the mixed feed servo unit a great influence on the servo performance.
At present, most of the traditional CNC milling machine X7132 using stepper motor with a gear pair (deceleration institutions) to connect the drive rotary screw driven structure of the program (that is, programs Gear). However, this program has increased the complexity of system architecture, as well as the cost of production and transmission at the same time the work of lower accuracy and stability. So, here the same choice of concessions into the motor drive coupling is connected to the drive screw rotation program (that is, transmission coupling)，compared with the gear, which can not only reduce errors and simplification of system structure and lower production costs, while enhancing accuracy and sensitivity of action.
Due to the design of the milling machine to the higher feed rate and the movement of the milling machine precision, high stability requirements, the choice of ball screw drive here. Compared with the screw drive in the high-speed cases it can meet the design requirements, high efficiency, long life.
At the same time, in accordance with design requirements is selected servo motor, coupling, rail, etc. and then set the bed, table, pedestal, slide, etc. The basic size, And mapping Pro/E software into a milling machine to the body three-dimensional graphics.

Keywords　 CNC Milling Machine X7132；Transmission Couplings； Ball Screw； Servo motor；Pro/E；
目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II

第1章 數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)及國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀 1
1.1 數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1
1.2. 我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 5
第2章 X7132數(shù)控銑床的進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 6
2.1 進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的基本要求和主要參數(shù) 6
2.2進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 7
2.3 滾珠絲杠及其螺母副的選擇與校核 9
2.4 絲杠支承方式及支承軸承的選擇 14
2.5 伺服電機(jī)和聯(lián)軸器的選擇 16
2.6 導(dǎo)軌的選擇 21
2.7床身的設(shè)計(jì) 23
第3章 X7132數(shù)控銑床進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)主要零件三維建模 25
3.1 Pro/E軟件簡(jiǎn)介 25
3.2 主要零件的三維建模 25
結(jié)論 28
致謝 29
參考文獻(xiàn) 30
附錄A 31
附錄B 37