摘 要

簡要介紹了摩擦試驗(yàn)機(jī)的背景和發(fā)展趨勢，詳細(xì)論述了變速調(diào)壓摩擦實(shí)驗(yàn)機(jī)的工作原理及在我國材料工程發(fā)展中占有的重要地位。
變速調(diào)壓摩擦實(shí)驗(yàn)機(jī)是由國家非金屬礦制品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)中心依托對定速摩擦試驗(yàn)機(jī)的成功改進(jìn)，是定速摩擦試驗(yàn)機(jī)的升級版，它主要有正壓力加載系統(tǒng)、主機(jī)、計算機(jī)控制、強(qiáng)電控制系統(tǒng)四部分組成。本文將著重介紹其中的主機(jī)和壓力加載系統(tǒng)。主機(jī)除了保留定速摩擦試驗(yàn)機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)為，采用了更為穩(wěn)定可靠的門架式結(jié)構(gòu)來進(jìn)行正壓力的加載，以步進(jìn)電機(jī)為動力，電機(jī)皮帶輪與主軸帶輪的傳動采用平衡拉桿，防止主軸在大扭距作用下的變形。壓力加載系統(tǒng)則是由液壓系統(tǒng)采用液體通過液壓缸對試片進(jìn)行加壓。
在可調(diào)壓，可變速條件下對摩擦材料的摩擦磨損性能進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)決定它必將是企業(yè)，科研單位、檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制、配方研究、產(chǎn)品檢測的主要實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備。
總的來說，此變速調(diào)壓摩擦實(shí)驗(yàn)機(jī)全部采用開放式結(jié)構(gòu)，它的主要特點(diǎn)為：結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，安裝方便，維修容易，由于其低成本從而可以實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)效益的最大化.



關(guān)鍵詞：摩擦 變速 調(diào)壓


ABSTRACT

In this paper, we have briefly introduced the background and development of the friction test machine; we also have given a minute description of its working elements and its important status in the development of our country’s material engineering.
The friction test machine which can change its speed is a successful amelioration, which is carried out by the country quality intendance center according to the friction test machine of fixed speed, and is the upgrade of the friction test machine of fixed speed, it mainly includes four parts --- the system of positive compressive stress, the mechanical system, the control system of electricity and the computer system. not only it has the excellence of the friction test machine of fixed speed, but also it adds the positive compressive stress by using a more dependable structure, the driving equipment is the step motor, and the transmission of the mechanical system chooses two kinds of methods --the belt, and gears, in order to preventing the distortion, which is engendered by the tortuosity of the main axes. The adding compressive stress system consists of hydraulic pressure machine and the test flake.
It must will be a equipment used by the corporations, the scientific research units, the quality intendance centers and the products test centers, because it has lots of strongpoints, especially it could change its circumgyrated speed.
In a word, this friction test machine is an open type structure, its main characteristics is: simple Structure, install conveniently, maintain easily, since it is low cost to carry out the optimization.


Keywords： Friction; Speed changing; regulate stress












目 錄

第一章 國內(nèi)摩擦學(xué)的發(fā)展概況 1
1.1摩擦磨損理論 2
1.1.1 目前研究摩擦的幾種主要理論 4
1.1.2 不同磨損機(jī)理的磨損 5
1.2摩擦試驗(yàn)機(jī)的分類 8
1.3 我國摩擦試驗(yàn)機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)況 10
1.3.1克服因展動造成的測試誤差 11
1.3.2試驗(yàn)機(jī)性能驗(yàn)證 12
1.4 研制自己的機(jī)型在技術(shù)指標(biāo)方面建的議 12
第二章 設(shè)計方案的確定 14
2.1 已知設(shè)計要求 14
2.2 整體方案的確定 14
2.2.1 選擇動力形式 14
2.2.2 機(jī)械傳動部分的動力傳遞方式 15
2.2.3 主要設(shè)計參數(shù) 15
第三章 試驗(yàn)機(jī)主要零部件的設(shè)計計算 16
3.1 傳動軸的設(shè)計 16
3.2 軸承的選擇 20
3.2.1 軸承的轉(zhuǎn)速 20
3.2.2 計算軸承的額定負(fù)載和額定壽命 21
3.3 傳動帶的設(shè)計 23
3.3.1 V帶的設(shè)計計算 24
3.3.2 V帶輪的設(shè)計 25
3.4電機(jī)的選擇 26
3.5聯(lián)軸器 26
3.6其他機(jī)械部件的設(shè)計 26
第四章 液壓泵站的設(shè)計 29
4.1 液壓缸的選擇計算 29
4.1.1 活塞部分的計算 32
4.1.2 導(dǎo)向套的設(shè)計 35
4.1.3 油口的選擇 36
4.2 ..