摘要：了解數(shù)控機床的概念，所謂數(shù)控是按照含有機床(刀具)運動信息程序所指定的順序自動執(zhí)行操作的過程。而計算機數(shù)控機床就是數(shù)控機床在計算機監(jiān)控下進行工作。它的優(yōu)點很多,如可以在同一機床上一次裝夾可完成多個操作，生產(chǎn)率顯著提高等優(yōu)點，但它的價格昂貴。由于我國現(xiàn)在使用的機床大多數(shù)為普通車床，自動化程度低,要更新現(xiàn)有機床需要很多資金。為了解決這個問題,也為了適應(yīng)多品種中、小批量零件加工我們選擇機床經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控改造?？傮w設(shè)計方案：在普通車床上采用適合現(xiàn)場實時控制的80C51單片機為控制器，以運行特性好、可靠性高的步進電機為驅(qū)動執(zhí)行元件進行數(shù)控改造。
關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控、車床、改造、80C51單片機；步進電機；
Abstract:Numerical Control (NC) is any machining process in which the operations are executed automaticallu in sequences as specified by the program that contains the information for the tool movement .When Numerical Control is performed under computer supervision, it is called Computer Numerical Control (CNC).CNC machines have many advantages over conventional machines. For example, there is a possibility lf performing operations on the same machine in one setup and production is significantly increased. One of its disadvantages is that they are quite expensive. In our country conventional machine is used widely. So if the machines are replaced, there is going to need a large money. In order to agree with the development of our economy, we can reform the conventional machines. The overall master design: The way to NC improvement of general machine tool was introduced that using single-chip computer 80C51 to realize the real-time control and driving by step motor.
Key word: Numerical Control、machining、improvement、single-chip computer 80C51、step motor；


















前 言
數(shù)控機床經(jīng)濟型改造,實質(zhì)是機械工程技術(shù)與微電子技術(shù)的結(jié)合。經(jīng)改造后的機床加工的精度、效率、速度都有了很明顯的提高，適合我國現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟水平的發(fā)展要求。
本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計主要是對機床機械部分進行改造,以步進電機驅(qū)動橫向進給運動、縱向進給運動以及刀架的快速換刀,使傳動系統(tǒng)變得十分簡單，傳動鏈大大縮短,傳動件數(shù)減少,從而提高機床的精度。
設(shè)計中，我們對有關(guān)數(shù)控機床及數(shù)控改造的相關(guān)書籍、刊物進行大量閱讀,收集了很多資料,了解了數(shù)控機床的基本概念，數(shù)控機床的發(fā)展概況，數(shù)控機床的組成及其工作原理，擴大了我們的知識面。
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)代機械制造要求產(chǎn)品的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)不斷改進，對零件的加工質(zhì)量的要求也越來越高。隨著社會對產(chǎn)品多樣化要求的增強，產(chǎn)品品種增多,產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代加速。數(shù)控機床代替普通機床被廣泛應(yīng)用是一個必然的趨勢。同時，數(shù)控機床將向著更高的速度、精度、可靠性及完善性的功能發(fā)展。