摘 要
船用柴油機(jī)作為船舶的“心臟”，是船舶不可缺少的動(dòng)力裝置。然而，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，船用柴油機(jī)的制造卻一直滯后于整個(gè)造船流程，已成為我國(guó)乃至世界造船業(yè)發(fā)展的瓶頸。雖然企業(yè)都相應(yīng)地引進(jìn)了CAD/CAPP/CAM技術(shù)，但是CAD、CAPP、CAM三者之間缺少相互協(xié)作與相互支持，信息的傳遞大多數(shù)還是停留在人工傳遞上，信息之間也沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的數(shù)據(jù)格式，相互之間訪問(wèn)受到限制，導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)效率低下，重復(fù)勞動(dòng)多，浪費(fèi)了大量的資源，嚴(yán)重阻礙了船用柴油機(jī)制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展。
本課題就是在對(duì)當(dāng)今船用柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件制造過(guò)程中CAD/CAPP/CAM集成系統(tǒng)相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，利用特征技術(shù)和知識(shí)工程的研究成果，解決困擾企業(yè)生產(chǎn)中遇到的實(shí)際問(wèn)題。課題創(chuàng)新之處就在于研究了特征技術(shù)及知識(shí)工程技術(shù)在CAD/CAPP/CAM集成系統(tǒng)中的拓展與應(yīng)用，并建立一套適用于船用柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件的CAD/CAPP/CAM集成系統(tǒng)，改進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)CAD、CAPP、CAM系統(tǒng)各自的不足，簡(jiǎn)化了船用柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件的數(shù)字化制造工作，使船用柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件的數(shù)字化制造水平上升到一個(gè)新的臺(tái)階，課題主要研究?jī)?nèi)容與成果如下：
(1) 根據(jù)企業(yè)的實(shí)際加工情況，構(gòu)建船用柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件CAD/CAPP/CAM集成系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)。該平臺(tái)可實(shí)現(xiàn)船用柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件特征信息提取、特征重構(gòu)、特征工藝決策、加工操作創(chuàng)建、特征刀軌規(guī)劃與優(yōu)化、數(shù)控加工仿真、數(shù)控代碼生成、后置處理器定制、企業(yè)制造信息管理等操作，并通過(guò)船用柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件的數(shù)控加工實(shí)例驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)的實(shí)用性；
(2) 研究了在UG平臺(tái)上，CAD、CAPP、CAM集成方法與集成技術(shù)，重點(diǎn)研究了基于加工特征的船用柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件CAD/CAPP/CAM集成系統(tǒng)，并研究廣義知識(shí)庫(kù)的構(gòu)建技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)上游工藝信息與下游加工信息的雙向流動(dòng)和信息的共享，從而提高數(shù)字化制造的效率與質(zhì)量；
(3) 針對(duì)不同型號(hào)的船用柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件進(jìn)行分析，總結(jié)出柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件的相似加工特征，以及相似的加工工藝、加工特征刀軌，通過(guò)對(duì)已有加工模板的拆分與重組，構(gòu)建新的加工模板，以滿足不同機(jī)型的加工需求，最大限度地降低企業(yè)在數(shù)字化集成制造過(guò)程中的重復(fù)性勞動(dòng)；
(4) 為了實(shí)現(xiàn)CAD/CAPP/CAM集成系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)，針對(duì)CAD/CAPP/CAM集成領(lǐng)域經(jīng)驗(yàn)知識(shí)的特點(diǎn)，研究了知識(shí)工程技術(shù)在CAD/CAPP/CAM集成中的應(yīng)用，主要包括：CAD/CAPP/CAM集成領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)表示、知識(shí)獲取和知識(shí)推理，使柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件的CAD/CAPP/CAM集成能夠借助知識(shí)工程技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字化制造的智能化；
(5) 針對(duì)船用柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件和企業(yè)數(shù)控加工設(shè)備的特點(diǎn)，在基于加工特征的基礎(chǔ)上，研究了船用柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件加工特征的刀具軌跡規(guī)劃與優(yōu)化方法。對(duì)船用柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件的加工特征進(jìn)行了分類(lèi)，總結(jié)了企業(yè)常用的刀軌形式；研究了加工特征的映射技術(shù)、加工特征的信息處理、刀軌的規(guī)劃與優(yōu)化，使生成的刀軌更加符合企業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)際的需求。

關(guān)鍵詞 船用柴油機(jī)關(guān)鍵件；CAD/CAPP/CAM集成；特征技術(shù)；知識(shí)工程；刀軌規(guī)劃
Abstract
As the power equipment of the ship, marine diesel, which acts as the ‘heart’ of the ship, is the indispensable equipment in ship.However, the manufacturing of marine diesel has been lagging behind the whole shipbuilding process, and has became the bottle-neck of our country’s even world’s shipbuilding field in a long time. Although many companies have accordingly imported CAD/CAPP/CAM technology, which lack mutual co-ordination and mutual support. information are transferred by hand,and the formats of data are not unified, which are limited limited access to each other. that is not only a large waste of money and human resource, but also in low efficient, needing much of repeated working and making mistake easily.which has obviously prevented the development of marine diesel parts manufacturing.
Based on the analysis on the CAD/CAPP/CAM integrated system problems in the manufacturing process of marine diesel key components , this paper aims at solving the practical problems in enterprise by using the research results of feature technology and knowledge-based engineering. The innovation of this paper is to explore the application of feature technology and combined with KBE in CAD/CAPP/CAM integrated system ,and establish a CAD/CAPP/CAM integrated system which is appropriate for marine diesel key components. This system not only improves respective shortcoming of traditional CAD/CAPP/CAM system ,but also simplifies digital manufacturing work of marine diesel key components,which makes digital manufacturing level rise to a new step.Its main content and productions are as follows:
(1) Analyzing the enterprise practical situation, the study has constructed the CAD/CAPP/CAM integrated system platform. This system realizes series of operations such as feature information extraction，feature reconsitution, feature process inference，manufacturing operation creation, feature tool path, NC machining simulation, NC code generation,postprocessor customization,enterprise manufacture information management,and so on. And cases of CNC manufacturing for key components of marine diesel have been illustrated to validate the effectiveness of the system.
(2) CAD/CAPP/CAM integrated method and technology: Not only research the integrating method & integrating technology of CAD/CAPP/CAM on the UG platform,but also the construction technology of generalized knowledge base, which realizes the up information and the down information flow to each other, share the information together, in order to improve the efficiency and the quality of digital manufacturing.
(3) Aiming at the different models of the marine diesel ke..