摘 要
隨著我國(guó)城市化進(jìn)程的加快，盾構(gòu)法施工技術(shù)以其安全、快速、對(duì)環(huán)境影響小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)得到越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用。但是隧洞開挖經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到半硬半軟巖層，本文中的半硬半軟巖層是指在開挖隧道橫斷面一半為風(fēng)化巖，其結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，巖石強(qiáng)度較大；另一半為殘疾土，較破碎，強(qiáng)度較低。當(dāng)隧道穿過(guò)半巖半土地質(zhì)條件下，挖圍巖受力和變形都會(huì)隨之變化。而研究圍巖穩(wěn)定性及分析變形的成因，分析隧道的受力狀態(tài)變化情況及對(duì)周圍環(huán)境的影響情況，從而為實(shí)際隧道及地下工程施工提供理論指導(dǎo)作用就成了當(dāng)務(wù)之急的任務(wù)。本文以長(zhǎng)沙地鐵2號(hào)線某區(qū)間隧道為工程背景，利用數(shù)值模擬分析方法對(duì)隧道進(jìn)行了三維有限元分析，分析半巖半土圍巖隧道圍巖應(yīng)力和位移變化分布特征及超孔隙水壓等影響因素，得到對(duì)實(shí)際工程有參考價(jià)值的結(jié)論，指導(dǎo)設(shè)計(jì)并優(yōu)化施工，為日后類似工程提供借鑒與參考。主要完成了以下工作：
（1）本文以長(zhǎng)沙地鐵2號(hào)線某區(qū)間隧道為工程背景，運(yùn)用大型有限元軟件ADINA建立了隧道開挖三維彈塑性模型對(duì)半巖半土隧道施工開挖進(jìn)行模擬。研究了不考慮地下水和考慮地下水不同工況下，隧道結(jié)構(gòu)和圍巖變形、受力情況以及考慮地下水超孔隙水壓的變化情況。
（2）對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析，并且對(duì)比數(shù)值模擬，發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果存在一定的誤差，但監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果的變化規(guī)律是一致的，驗(yàn)證了數(shù)值模擬研究半巖半土隧道結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性的可行性。



關(guān)鍵詞：半巖半土隧道；圍巖穩(wěn)定；數(shù)值模擬；超孔隙水壓；實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析













Abstract
With the development of our national economy, many major cities are being construct or about to construct Subway. Because by the subway tunnel construction project management environment and the uniqueness or various uncertainties. But the tunnel excavation often will meet half hard half a soft layer, this paper in half hard soft layer is to point to in half tunnel excavation cross-sectional half for weathered rock, where structure is complete, the rock strength is greater; The other is disabled soilwith broken andintensity.When the tunnel through half rock mass under the condition of half the land, dig surrounding rock stress and deformation will be changed. But the stability of surrounding rock and analysis the causes of the deformation, analysis of the tunnel , change of stress and ground surface settlement, in order to provide theoretical guidance for engineering construction has become the task of top priority role.Based on the tunnel engineering of subway 2 line in ChangSha,we can use numerical simulation analysis method to get surrounding rock stress change rule,deformation and the change of the excess pore water pressure.The useful conclusions for actual works have been gained, which can guide the design and optimize construction, and offer reference for the future similar projects., the main completed the following work：
(1) The subject of this thesis is the verification of a three-dimensional numerical modelling approach for the prediction of stabilityof the surround rock due to tunnelling in the half-hard and half-soft rock.Based on the tunnel engineering of subway 2 line in ChangSha which is the tunnel of construction work, using the finite element software ADINA for non-linear finite element analysis.By analyzing the distribution characteristics and some effect factors of the soil-rock and a half tunnel structure’s displacement and stress,the useful conclusions for actual works have been gained, which can guide the design and optimize construction, and offer reference for the future similar projects.
(2) The monitoring data and numerical simulation results were compared，results showed that：there is some error between the simulation result and the monitoring results,but monitoring data and the numerical simulation results are consistent with the change rule in the tunnel of half rock and half soil surrounding rock.In a way, the results of numerical simulation can guide the design and construction.



Key words：Tunnel of half-hard and half-soft rock;Stability of surrounding rock;numerical simulation;excess pore pressure;The ansys of monitoring data


目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract III
目 錄 V
Contents VII
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1. 序言 1
1.2. 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況 2
1.2.1. 開挖面穩(wěn)定系數(shù)法 3
1.2.2. 試驗(yàn)研究方法 3
1.2.3. 極限平衡法 4
1.2.4. 理論分析方法 5
1.2.5. 有限元法 5
1.2.6. 反分析法 6
1.3. 本文工作 7
第2章 隧道圍巖失穩(wěn)特點(diǎn)和隧道工程概況 8
2.1. 隧道圍巖穩(wěn)定概述 8
2.2. 隧道圍巖穩(wěn)定的影響因素 8
2.2.1. 自然因素的影響 8
2.2.2. 人為因素 10
2.3. 圍巖初始地應(yīng)力場(chǎng) 10
2.3.1. 重力應(yīng)力場(chǎng) 10
2.3.2. 構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng) 12
2.4. 隧道圍巖穩(wěn)定性判據(jù) 12
2.4.1. 隧道圍巖分級(jí) 12
2.4.2. 圍巖強(qiáng)度判據(jù) 13
2.4.3. 圍巖極限應(yīng)變判據(jù) 13
2.4.4. 圍巖位移判據(jù) 14
2.5. 工程背景 14
2.5.1. 工程地質(zhì) 15
2.5.2. 水文地質(zhì)條件評(píng)價(jià) 16
2.5.3. 隧洞經(jīng)過(guò)的巖土工程條件評(píng)價(jià) 19
2.5.4. 隧道施工監(jiān)測(cè) 19
2.6. 本章小結(jié) 20
第3章 半巖半土隧道有限單元方法 21
3.1. 有限元發(fā)展概況 21
3.2. 有限單元法的基本步驟 21
3.3. 本構(gòu)模型和屈服準(zhǔn)則 22
3.3.1. 巖土材料本構(gòu)模型 22
3.3.2. 支護(hù)單元的選取 24
3.3.3. 注漿單元模擬 25
3.4. 彈性力學(xué)基本方程 26
3..