有關(guān)汽車天窗的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)，對于機(jī)械，機(jī)電一體化的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)都適用，里面有機(jī)械圖，電路圖，很簡單，很容易懂！


總設(shè)計(jì)說明
汽車電動(dòng)天窗主要由天窗玻璃、驅(qū)動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)及齒輪、ECU及繼電器等組成，分析了天窗玻璃的打開、關(guān)閉等動(dòng)作的工作原理，介紹了電子控制系統(tǒng)的控制過程。轎車電動(dòng)天窗是轎車車身系統(tǒng)中最大的配套分總成,它具有采光性好、改善車內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量、提高汽車檔次等優(yōu)點(diǎn),因此,天窗版的轎車越來越受到人們的青睞。但是,目前國內(nèi)轎車天窗市場的80%以上份額仍被德國偉巴斯特車頂系統(tǒng)公司所壟斷。為了打破國外公司的技術(shù)封鎖和市場壟斷,提高國內(nèi)汽車關(guān)鍵零部件產(chǎn)品的自主研發(fā)能力和國內(nèi)轎車天窗企業(yè)的市場競爭能力,就必須采用現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行轎車天窗自主開發(fā)研究。 本文采用逆向工程和正向設(shè)計(jì)相結(jié)合的方法建立轎車天窗產(chǎn)品的三維數(shù)字模型;運(yùn)用多體系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)原理建立了天窗運(yùn)動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)模型;應(yīng)用ADAMS軟件對天窗運(yùn)動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真分析并進(jìn)行參數(shù)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì);應(yīng)用有限元分析軟件ANSYS Workbench對天窗運(yùn)動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)有限元分析,通過分析,驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。 通過本研究的實(shí)施,會(huì)從根本上改變目前國內(nèi)轎車天窗行業(yè)的單純仿制的被動(dòng)局面,盡快形成自主開發(fā)能力?？梢院喕a(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)過程,縮短產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期,減少產(chǎn)品開發(fā)費(fèi)用和成本。本研究還會(huì)對其他科技含量較高的汽車零部件的自主研發(fā)具有示范意義。
汽車電動(dòng)天窗對基本性能、電流特性、密封性、耐振性、耐久性、耐溫性、耐濕熱性、安全性、防盜性，都有很高的要求！天窗的金屬件必須經(jīng)過防腐蝕處理，或使用具有防腐蝕性的材料制造。天窗的塑料件表面應(yīng)光滑平整、無氣泡，無影響使用的變形。天窗金屬零件的涂鍍層和化學(xué)處理層應(yīng)符合QC/T 625中相關(guān)條款的有關(guān)規(guī)定。天窗的玻璃表面應(yīng)符合GB/T 17340中6有關(guān)前風(fēng)窗以外玻璃規(guī)定，其余性能符合《GB 9656 汽車用安全玻璃》的規(guī)定。天窗密封條的表面質(zhì)量和性能要求應(yīng)符合GB/T 12421規(guī)定。
機(jī)械的傳動(dòng)是從驅(qū)動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)傳遞給v帶輪，v帶輪傳到到一級減速器，由一級減速器完全輸出工作，并最后由驅(qū)動(dòng)齒輪傳遞給天窗滑桿，完成天窗玻璃的移動(dòng)。
本文以PD78F0881微控制器為主控制芯片,設(shè)計(jì)了汽車電動(dòng)天窗的控制單元,其特點(diǎn)是用按鍵控制天窗的動(dòng)作,通過霍爾傳感器檢測天窗位置,實(shí)現(xiàn)了汽車天窗的開啟、關(guān)閉、防夾等控制功能。
關(guān)鍵詞：汽車電動(dòng)天窗；天窗玻璃；基本結(jié)構(gòu)；電子控制；霍爾傳感器

General design
Automotive electric skylight is mainly composed of the skylight glass, driving motor, gear, ECU and relay components, analysis of the skylight glass open, closing movements such as the working principle, introduced electronic control system. Power sunroof car body system is the largest supporting assembly, it has good lighting performance, improve the air quality inside the vehicle, improves the automobile level etc., therefore, the roof version of the car more and more people of all ages. However, the current domestic car sunroof market share is still more than 80% German Webasto roof systems company monopolies. In order to break the blockade of foreign companies in technology and market monopoly, improve the domestic car key parts and components products of independent research and development capabilities and domestic car sunroof market competitive ability of the enterprise, must adopt modern design method for automobile sunroof independent development research. In this paper, by using reverse engineering and forward design combining the method to establish the car skylight product3D digital model; multi-body system dynamics theory to establish a sunroof motor execution of kinematic and dynamic mathematical model; application software of ADAMS sunroof motion actuating mechanism motion simulation analysis and parameter optimization design; finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench the sunroof motor actuator for dynamic finite element analysis, through the analysis, proved the reasonableness of the design. Through this research, implementation, will fundamentally change the current domestic car skylight industry pure imitation of the passive situation as soon as possible, form own development capacity. Can simplify the design of the products development process, shorten the product development cycle, reduce product development costs and cost. This study also to other high technology content of the auto parts self-R & D has demonstrative sense.
Automotive electric skylight on basic properties, current characteristics, sealing, vibration resistance, durability, temperature resistance, heat resistance, safety, security, have the very high request! The roof of metal parts must be anti-corrosion treatment, or the use of corrosion-resistant materials manufacturing. The roof of the plastic parts surface should be smooth, no bubbles, no effect by using deformation. Skylight metal coating and chemical processing layer should be consistent with the QC / T 625in the relevant provisions of the relevant provisions. Skylight glass surface should be in accordance with GB / T 17340in 6about the front windshield glass regulations outside, other properties are consistent with the" GB 9656" rules of automotive safety glass. Roof sealing strip surface quality and performance requirements shall be in accordance with GB / T 12421provisions.
Mechanical transmission is transmitted from the actuating motor to V belt, V belt wheel to a reducer, a reducer output work completely, and finally by the drive gear transmission to the sunroof sliding rod, complete the skylight glass mobile.
Based on the PD78F0881microcontroller as the main control chip, design of automotive electric skylight control unit, which is characterized with the key control roof movement, through the Holzer sensor detection window position, realize the sunroof opening, closing, clamping-proof control functions.
Key words: Electric Automotive skylight; skylight glass; basic structure; electronic control; Holzer senso

目錄
1 緒論 1
1.1  汽車電動(dòng)天窗設(shè)計(jì)的目的與意義 1
1.2  汽車電動(dòng)天窗的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及趨勢 2
1.2.1 汽車電動(dòng)天窗的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.2 汽車電動(dòng)天窗的趨勢 3
2 汽車電動(dòng)天窗的設(shè)計(jì)要求 4
2.1 天窗的概念 4
2.2 天窗的工作原理 4
2.3 天窗的種類特點(diǎn)及設(shè)計(jì)選擇 4
2.3.1 汽車天窗種類 4
2.3.2 汽車天窗特點(diǎn) 4
2.3.3 汽車天窗各組成零部件執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 6
2.3.4 本設(shè)計(jì)的選擇 6
2.4 天窗的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 7
2.4.1 天窗的結(jié)構(gòu) 7
2.4.2 天窗的密封（排水）方式 8
2.4.3 天窗玻璃的處理 8
2.5 天窗的性能要求 8
2.5.1 天窗的安全性要求 8
2.5.2 天窗防夾功能 9
2.5.3天窗的性能要求 10
2.5.4 密封性 12
2.5.5 天窗系統(tǒng)對產(chǎn)生風(fēng)噪的控制 12
2.6 汽車天窗優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 13
3 天窗機(jī)械傳動(dòng)部分的設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.1 電動(dòng)天窗機(jī)械部分原理及組成 15
3.1.1 汽車電動(dòng)天窗的功能 15
3.1.2 電動(dòng)天窗的組成 15
3.1.3 天窗的特點(diǎn) 15
3.1.4 電動(dòng)天窗的工作原理及過程 16
3.2 機(jī)械減速部分結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.2.1傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的工作特點(diǎn) 16
3.2.2  傳動(dòng)裝置的總體設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.3 裝配圖設(shè)計(jì) 25
3.3.1 裝配圖的作用 25
3.3.2 減速器裝配圖的繪制 25
3.4 天窗運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 26
3.4.1 天窗整體傳動(dòng)路線： 26
3.4.2 天窗玻璃移動(dòng)速度與全關(guān)閉及打開所需時(shí)間的計(jì)算 26
4 天窗電子控制部分設(shè)計(jì) 28
4.1 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 28
4.1.1 電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊的電路設(shè)計(jì) 29
4.1.2 基于霍爾傳感器的天窗防夾模塊設(shè)計(jì) 29
4.1.3 EEPROM模塊設(shè)計(jì) 30
4.2 電子控制系統(tǒng)及其工作過程 31
4.2.1 滑動(dòng)打開 32
4.2.2 滑動(dòng)關(guān)閉 32
4.2.3 全關(guān)閉(位置)前200mm處停止 32
4.2.4 從停止到全關(guān)閉 33
4.2.5 全關(guān)閉位置時(shí)的停止 33
5 總結(jié) 34
參考文獻(xiàn) 35
致  謝 36
附錄A 天窗主要零件 37
附錄B 圖紙 48