systems
JEROEN P. van den BERG* Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
E-mail: j.van.de.berg@berenschot.com
Received December 1997 and accepted November 1998
We present a literature survey on methods and techniques for the planning and control of warehousing systems. Planning refers to management decisions that a.ect the intermediate term (one or multiple months), such as inventory management and storage
location assignment. Control refers to the operational decisions that a.ect the short term (hours, day), such as routing, sequencing, scheduling and order-batching. Prior to the literature survey, we give an introduction into warehousing systems and a classification of warehouse management problems.
1. Introduction
1.1. The increasingly busy warehouse
Gudehus [1] and Graves [2], Hausman [3] and Schwarz [4] introduced the design, planning and control of ware- housing systems as new research topics. The operation of
warehousing systems has received considerable interest in the literature ever since. It is not surprising that the research on warehousing systems gained interest in the 1970s, since this was the era that management interest shifted from productivity im- provement to inventory reduction. The introduction of information systems made this strategy possible, with Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP-II) as a notable example. From Japan a new management philosophy emerged: Just-In-Time (JIT) production. JIT attempts to achieve high-volume production using minimal inven- tories of parts that arrive just in time. These new devel- opments demanded from warehouses that low volumes be delivered more frequently with shorter response times from a significantly wider variety of Stock Keeping Units (SKU's). The new interest in quality forced warehouse managers to re-examine their warehouse operation from the viewpoint of minimizing product damage, establish- ing short and reliable transaction times and improving order-picking accuracy. Current trends in warehousing and distribution logis- tics are supply chain management and Ecient Consumer Response (ECR). Supply chain management and ECR pursue a demand-driven organization of the supply chain
with small inventories and reliable short response times throughout the supply chain. All deliveries are driven by the sales downward in the supply chain. Such an organization requires a close cooperation among the companies in the supply chain and the immediate feedback of sales data. Nowadays, information technology enables these developments through Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and software systems such as the MRP-based Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) systems and Warehouse Management Systems (WMS). The new market forces have a.ected the operation of warehouses tremendously. On the one hand, they demand an increased productivity. On the other hand, the rapidly
changing market imposes financial risks upon the introduction of capital intensive high-performance warehousing equipment which may be dicult to re-configure or discard. Hence, there is a great need for sophisticated techniques that provide a dependable basis for adequate planning and control of warehouses in such complex environments.In this paper we present a survey of methods and models that have appeared in the literature for the planning and control of warehousing systems. In the remainder of Section 1, we discuss warehousing systems and warehouse management. In Sections 2 and 3 we discuss the literature on planning and control issues, respectively. Finally, in Section 4 we end with conclusions and suggestions for future research.



一份對于入庫系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃與控制方法與技術(shù)的調(diào)查文獻。規(guī)劃涉及到管理部門的決定、判斷，它有著一定程度的影響期限（比如1個月或者多個月），像是存貨清單管理與儲藏場所的任務(wù)?？刂粕婕暗浇?jīng)營上的判斷，它有著短期的影響（比如小時，天數(shù)），像是工藝路線，順序，安排與批量生產(chǎn)等。在這篇調(diào)查文獻之前，我們需要先對于入庫系統(tǒng)與倉庫管理問題有個分類說明。
1． 說明
1．1倉庫的遞增
GUDEHUS與GRAVES,HAUSMAN,SCHWARZ通過把入庫系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃與控制作為一個新的研究主題而對此介紹構(gòu)思。 入庫系統(tǒng)的操作在文獻中自始自終受到了相當大的關(guān)注。
入庫系統(tǒng)的研究在70年代就得到了關(guān)注，這不足為奇，管理部門將眼光從生產(chǎn)力的提高轉(zhuǎn)移到財產(chǎn)目錄的消減，這是研究領(lǐng)域的一個新紀元。信息系統(tǒng)的采用使得這個策略有了實施的可能，隨著把制造業(yè)資源規(guī)劃作為一個顯著的范例，日本出現(xiàn)了一個新的管理哲學：及時生產(chǎn)（JIT）。及時生產(chǎn)試圖實現(xiàn)在短時間內(nèi)用極小的一部分存貨清單實現(xiàn)高產(chǎn)量的任務(wù)。這個新的發(fā)展需要人們通過倉庫在短期的回復期內(nèi)頻繁的運送低量貨物到一個顯著的寬廣而多樣化的儲存保管單元(SKU's)中實現(xiàn)。對于質(zhì)量的關(guān)注，使得倉庫負責人要從產(chǎn)品損壞的角度反復檢查他們的倉庫操作，在建立短而可靠的交易時期同時提升匯單采購的準確性。