基于單片機(jī)的高溫測(cè)量?jī)x設(shè)計(jì)
Design of high temperature measuring
instrument base onMCU

摘要
人類(lèi)社會(huì)已進(jìn)入信息時(shí)代，人們的社會(huì)活動(dòng)主要依靠對(duì)信息資源的開(kāi)發(fā)及獲取、傳輸與處理。在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)這個(gè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，廣泛的應(yīng)用檢測(cè)技術(shù)，如生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的檢測(cè)、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的控制、提高生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、節(jié)能和生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的自動(dòng)化等等。這些都要測(cè)量生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的有關(guān)參數(shù)和（或）進(jìn)行反饋控制，以保證生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的這些參數(shù)在最佳最優(yōu)狀態(tài)。在科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域，人們通過(guò)觀察、實(shí)驗(yàn)，從而找出新的規(guī)律，再上升為理論。因而能否通過(guò)觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)得到結(jié)果，而且是可靠的結(jié)果，決定于檢測(cè)技術(shù)的水平，所以，從這個(gè)意義上講科學(xué)的發(fā)展、突破是以檢測(cè)技術(shù)的水平為基礎(chǔ)的。現(xiàn)代人們的日常生活中，也愈來(lái)愈離不開(kāi)檢測(cè)技術(shù)。因此，檢測(cè)技術(shù)裝備的水平在很大程度上反映出一個(gè)國(guó)家的生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展和科學(xué)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)代化水平。
熱電偶在計(jì)量技術(shù)上是用得最多的溫度傳感器之一。它在測(cè)量學(xué)與各種生產(chǎn)技術(shù)上的應(yīng)用十分廣泛。熱電偶的結(jié)構(gòu)很簡(jiǎn)單，制造也容易，價(jià)格美廉，有著很高的準(zhǔn)確度，測(cè)量的溫度范圍廣泛?，F(xiàn)在大部分熱工儀表，都將熱電偶作為溫度傳感器。
本篇文章主要介紹在高溫測(cè)量上，用MCS-51單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)的溫度測(cè)量元件熱電偶結(jié)合做成的溫度檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。此設(shè)計(jì)的測(cè)量原理簡(jiǎn)單，數(shù)學(xué)模型通俗,選用的是精密度好的元器件和有抗干擾、低溫漂等精密度高的電子元器件。此測(cè)量?jī)x器，有著使用方便、能穩(wěn)定測(cè)量、可靠、測(cè)量的溫度范圍廣等特點(diǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞溫度檢測(cè)熱電偶溫度補(bǔ)償單片機(jī)

Abstract
The human society has entered the age of information, the people's social activities relies mainly on the information resources development and access, transmission and processing. In the industrial production within this field, wide application of testing technology, such as production process of product quality inspection, product quality control, improve the production efficiency, energy saving and economic production process automation and so on. The measuring the parameters in the process of production and (or) feedback control to ensure production process of these parameters in the best optimal state. In scientific research fields, people through the observation, the experiment, as to find out the new rules, rise again for the theory. So if I can pass the watching the experiment results, and is reliable results, depending on the level of testing technology, so, in this sense the development of science, is the level of testing technology breakthrough for the foundation. The modern People's Daily life, also more and more without testing technology. Therefore, detection technology and equipment level in the largely reflects a country's development of productive forces and the modernization level of science and technology.
In measuring technology is on thermocouple most used one of the temperature sensor. It in surveying and various production technology used widely. The structure of the thermocouple is very simple, and easy to make, the price beauty, with high accuracy, measurement of the temperature range. Now in most of the thermal instruments, thermocouple are used as a temperature sensor.
This article mainly introduced is high temperature measurement in, with MCS-51 SCM system and the traditional general temperature measurement components made of thermocouple temperature detection system combined. The design principle of measurement of the simple, mathematical model popular, chooses is precision good components and have anti-jamming, low temperature, high precision of the drift of electronic components. The measuring instrument, has a convenient use, can stabilize a measurement, reliable, measurement of the temperature range, etc.

Key word   Temperature detection thermocouple
temperaturecompensation microcontroller

目錄
第1章緒論 1
1.1 高溫測(cè)量?jī)x的應(yīng)用及意義 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)測(cè)溫的發(fā)展研究概況 1
1.2.1利用物體熱脹冷縮原理制成的溫度計(jì) 1
1.2.2利用熱阻效應(yīng)技術(shù)制成的溫度計(jì) 2
1.2.3利用熱輻射原理制成的高溫計(jì) 2
1.2.4利用聲學(xué)原理進(jìn)行溫度測(cè)量 2
1.2.5利用紅外測(cè)技術(shù)溫 2
1.2.6利用熱電效應(yīng)技術(shù)制成的溫度檢測(cè)元件 2
第2章高溫測(cè)量?jī)x的組成及硬件設(shè)計(jì) 3
2.1 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì) 3
2.2 測(cè)溫傳感器的確定 3
2.2.1常用熱電偶介紹 4
2.2.2 熱電勢(shì)的產(chǎn)生 5
2.2.3  熱電偶閉合回路電勢(shì)的計(jì)算 6
2.3溫度補(bǔ)償設(shè)計(jì) 6
2.4放大電路設(shè)計(jì) 8
2.5  A／D轉(zhuǎn)換器的選擇 12
2.6 單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 14
2.7  LCD1602顯示模塊 15
第3章控制器的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.1系統(tǒng)軟件總體設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.2  A/D轉(zhuǎn)換子程序設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.3 線性化標(biāo)度變換程序設(shè)計(jì) 19
3.4  DS18B20程序設(shè)計(jì) 21
3.5  LCD1602程序設(shè)計(jì) 23
第4章調(diào)試與誤差分析 25
4.1 軟件調(diào)試 25
4.1.1 PROTEUS簡(jiǎn)介 25
4.1.2 軟件調(diào)試過(guò)程及結(jié)果 25
4.1.3 硬件調(diào)試過(guò)程及結(jié)果 26
4.2 誤差分析 26
4.2.1 軟件誤差 27
4.2.2 硬件誤差 27
第5章總結(jié)與展望 29
5.1 總結(jié) 29
5.2 展望 29
致謝 31