摘要：隨著城市規(guī)模的不斷發(fā)展，高層建筑越來越多，因此，高層建筑電氣設(shè)計(jì)就成為設(shè)計(jì)者不得不面對的問題。本文結(jié)合工程實(shí)例，介紹了高層建筑電氣設(shè)計(jì)中一些比較典型且具有普遍意義的問題，結(jié)合某工程的實(shí)際做法闡述了問題的解決方法。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：高層建筑；電氣設(shè)計(jì)；配電；負(fù)荷計(jì)算
　　1工程概況
　　本項(xiàng)目商業(yè)綜合大樓，總建筑面積為405570m2，地上建筑面積272330m2，地下建筑面積133240m2,主體高度99m。項(xiàng)目組成為：辦公樓兩座，建筑面積為70800m2，28層，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層高為3.2m。
　　2 負(fù)荷計(jì)算
　　1）負(fù)荷特點(diǎn):用電負(fù)荷大,遠(yuǎn)大于《全國民用建筑工程設(shè)計(jì)術(shù)措施》中大120W/m2的指標(biāo),尤其是餐飲的用電負(fù)荷更大，而且不同類型、不同飲食文化背景的餐飲差別也很大。
　　2）負(fù)荷的不確定性大，因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)地產(chǎn)往往根據(jù)市場租的需求，不斷調(diào)整商鋪的性質(zhì)，使得負(fù)荷在動態(tài)變化之中。
　　3）目前的規(guī)范和技術(shù)措施沒有對商業(yè)項(xiàng)目中不同類別商鋪的參數(shù)指進(jìn)行細(xì)化，工程設(shè)計(jì)中的負(fù)荷計(jì)算缺少據(jù)，大多數(shù)情況只能靠設(shè)計(jì)人員憑借以往工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行計(jì)算。
　　負(fù)荷參數(shù)的選擇：針對以上遇到的問題，進(jìn)行負(fù)荷計(jì)算時，首先與開發(fā)商銷售部門進(jìn)行良好的溝通，確定各層的業(yè)態(tài)形式商鋪面積和性質(zhì)，這是電氣負(fù)荷計(jì)算的基礎(chǔ)依據(jù)；其次確定商鋪內(nèi)單位面積參數(shù)指標(biāo)也很重要且復(fù)雜，因?yàn)橐?guī)范中沒有明確的指標(biāo)可以參考；而且不同城市間的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平不均衡，用電指標(biāo)也不同；便在同一城市不同區(qū)域的消費(fèi)群體也有差異。
　　3）需要系數(shù)的選擇：參數(shù)確定后，需要進(jìn)行負(fù)荷計(jì)算。一般采用需要系數(shù)法，計(jì)算過程不再贅述。需要探討的是需要系數(shù)的選擇，這在現(xiàn)行規(guī)范、手冊及《統(tǒng)一技術(shù)措施》中也沒有明確的要求，根據(jù)多年的設(shè)計(jì)體會認(rèn)為，在配電最末端商鋪內(nèi)戶箱或?qū)优潆娤溆?jì)算時Kx一般取1，在各回路干線計(jì)算時取0.7～0.8，在變電所各配電變壓器計(jì)算時取0.4～0.6。



Abstract: With the continuous development of city size, more and more high-rise buildings, therefore, high-rise building electrical design to the designers had to face. In this paper, an engineering example, describes the electrical design of high-rise buildings and some of the more typical issues of universal significance, combined with the actual practice of an engineering solution to the problem described.
Key words: high-rise building; electrical design; distribution; load calculation
1 Project Overview
The commercial complex project, with a total construction area of 405570m2, on the ground floor area of 272330m2, underground construction area of 133240m2, the main height of 99m. Project components are: two office buildings, construction area is 70800m2, 28 layers, the standard story is 3.2m.
2 Load Calculation
1) Load characteristics: electric load, much larger than the "national civil engineering technical measures" Large 120W/m2 indicators, especially in the electricity load more food, and different types of food and beverage catering different cultural backgrounds also high.
2) the uncertainty of a large load, because the commercial real estate rents are often based on market demand, and constantly adjust the nature of the shops, making the load in the dynamic changes.