水果分選自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)

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摘 要
在現(xiàn)有電子稱重式水果分選臺(tái)的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)其測(cè)控系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了重新研制,將原有的PC機(jī)控制替代為單片機(jī)控制。在保持原有測(cè)控功能的前提下，操作更加靈活、簡(jiǎn)便，降低了設(shè)備成本。該單片機(jī)測(cè)控系統(tǒng)以AT89C51為核心，配以信號(hào)調(diào)理電路、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換單元、信號(hào)輸出電路和鍵盤(pán)/顯示單元等幾個(gè)部分。工作時(shí)，由電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)輸送鏈輪將托盤(pán)中的水果送入輸送道，通過(guò)安裝在輸送道下的壓敏式壓力傳感器檢測(cè)水果重量，將水果的重量信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為模擬的電壓信號(hào)，模擬電壓信號(hào)先經(jīng)過(guò)信號(hào)調(diào)理電路放大、濾波，再經(jīng)A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換后，送入以AT69C51為核心的主機(jī)電路進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理。
當(dāng)主機(jī)采集到代表水果重量的數(shù)字信號(hào)時(shí)，系統(tǒng)軟件對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行運(yùn)算和判斷，得出水果的分選等級(jí),向相應(yīng)分選開(kāi)關(guān)發(fā)出開(kāi)關(guān)量信號(hào)，這里，開(kāi)關(guān)量信號(hào)必須通過(guò)軟件延時(shí)，確保水果到達(dá)所屬分選等級(jí)的分選口時(shí)，電磁閥才將分選開(kāi)關(guān)打開(kāi)，從而使得水果準(zhǔn)確地落入相應(yīng)的分選容器中。
最終實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)水果的動(dòng)態(tài)稱重和實(shí)時(shí)分選控制。該測(cè)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案合理可行，操作簡(jiǎn)便靈活；能夠預(yù)先設(shè)置分選等級(jí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)多種水果的分選，具有較好的通用性和靈活性。

關(guān)鍵詞: 單片機(jī)，電子稱量，水果分選，測(cè)控系統(tǒng)



Abstract
On the basis of the existing electronic weight sorter controlled by PC，a new microcomputer control and measurement system was developed；which reduces the cost of the device and keeps the former systems main function.The AT89C51 microcomputer was used as its core and was provided with some correlative circuits，including a signal adjustment circuit，an A/D convert circuit，a signal output circuit and a display/keyboard unit. When work, sends in by the motor-driven transportation chain wheel tray in fruit transports the road. Through installs in the transportation under pressure sensitive -like pressure transmitter examination fruit weight, transforms fruit's weight signal into the simulation voltage signal, the simulation voltage signal enlarges first after the signal recuperation electric circuit, the filter, after A/After the D switch a/d conversion, sends in AT89C51 is the core main engine electric circuit carries on the data processing.
When the main engine gathers represents the fruit weight the digital signal, the system software to the signal carries on the operation and the judgment, obtains fruit the separation rank.To separates the switch to send out the switch quantity signal correspondingly, here, the switch quantity signal must through the software time delay, guarantee when the fruit arrives the respective separation rank the separation mouth, the solenoid valve only then separates the switch to open, thus enables the fruit to fall accurately in the corresponding separation vessel.The experiment results indicated that this system works well and can be easily controlled；meanwhile it is multipurpose by setting sorting levels to sort different kinds of fruits.

Key words ：Single Chip Microcomputer； Electronic Weighting；Fruit Sorting
Control and Measurement System

目 錄
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1 水果分選自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展 1
1.2 各種水果分選方法的對(duì)比分析 1
1.3 按水果重量分選 3
第2章 方案論證 5
2.1 系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)方案 5
2.2 方案論證 6
第3章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 7
3.1 機(jī)電部分 7
3.2 單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 8
3.2.1 單片機(jī)的選擇 8
3.2.2單片機(jī)的系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展 10
3.2.3時(shí)鐘電路的設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.2.4復(fù)位電路的設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.3 放大器 16
3.4 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換單元 17
3.5 信號(hào)輸出電路 19
3.6 鍵盤(pán)/顯示單元 21
3.6.1鍵盤(pán)接口芯片8279 21
3.6.2 LED顯示 22
3.7 電源電路 23
3.8 報(bào)警電路的設(shè)計(jì) 24
第4章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 25
4.1 主程序流程圖 25
4.2 分選程序流程圖 26
4.3 鍵盤(pán)顯示流程圖 27
第5章 結(jié) 論 28
參考文獻(xiàn) 29
致 謝 31
附 錄Ⅰ 32
附 錄Ⅱ 40
附 錄Ⅲ 45

部分參考文獻(xiàn)

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