 1 建筑合同的類型
建筑合同有許多類型，通常由業(yè)主來(lái)選擇合同的類型。合同類型的選擇取決于所執(zhí)行胡工作的種類以及它是在什么樣的條件下執(zhí)行的。
 1.1 總價(jià)合同
總價(jià)合同通常使用在建筑領(lǐng)域。在招標(biāo)過(guò)程中要對(duì)所需要的材料的數(shù)量進(jìn)行足夠精確的計(jì)算，以使承包人提交出該工作的一個(gè)價(jià)格總量。每個(gè)項(xiàng)目的數(shù)量，例如干式墻、門框、浴室的水池、輸電的管道和線，以及房頂?shù)耐咂夹枰獜挠?jì)劃時(shí)就進(jìn)行精確的計(jì)算。當(dāng)工程需要材料的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量在合同文件中都清楚說(shuō)明了，提交一個(gè)投標(biāo)總額對(duì)承包人來(lái)說(shuō)才是公平胡。
 1.2 單價(jià)合同
單價(jià)合同用于不可能對(duì)所需的材料總量進(jìn)行精確估算的工作。單價(jià)合同通常用在繁重的公路工程上。設(shè)計(jì)者可能計(jì)算有1000 000m3 的土需要被移動(dòng)，但是業(yè)主和承包人知道工程結(jié)束后， 承包人是不可能恰好移動(dòng)1000 000m3 的土的。精確的數(shù)量將會(huì)改變。對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題公正的解決辦法是業(yè)主告訴承包人估計(jì)的總量，在工程結(jié)束后按精確量出的數(shù)量支付承包人。
承包人提交的是一個(gè)單價(jià)合同里對(duì)每個(gè)項(xiàng)目定的價(jià)格。單位價(jià)格乘以工程師估計(jì)的量相差可以超過(guò)15%或20%，可能高于或低于估計(jì)的量，有時(shí)對(duì)單位價(jià)格還要進(jìn)行協(xié)商。當(dāng)實(shí)際的量較低時(shí)，承包商也許會(huì)要求重新確定一個(gè)較高的價(jià)格，因?yàn)轭A(yù)期所掙得的總額減少了。當(dāng)實(shí)際的量較高時(shí)，業(yè)主因?yàn)橄喾吹脑蛞苍S會(huì)要求重新定一個(gè)價(jià)格。單位價(jià)格合同的目的是公平地對(duì)待合同雙方。
1 Types of construction Contracts
there are many types of construction contracts and the owner generally makes the selection of contract type. The type of contract selected depends on the kind of work being performed and the conditions under which it is being performed.
1.1 Lump sum
Lump sum contract are typically used for buildings. The quantities of the materials required can be calculated with sufficient accuracy during the bidding process to allow contractor to submit a single lump sum price for the work .The quantity of items such as drywall, door frames, bathroom sinks, electrical conduit and wiring, and roof tiles can be calculated accurately from the plans. When a clear definition of the quantities and quality of work required is provided by the contract documents, submitting a single lump sum bid is fair to the contractors
1.2 Unit price
Unit price contracts are used for work where it is not possible to calculate the exact quantity of materials that will be required. Unit-price contracts are commonly used for heavy highway work. The designer may calculate that 1,000,000 cy of earth needs to be moved, but the owner and contractors know that after the work has been completed, the contractor will not have moved exactly 1,000,000. The exact quantity will vary. The fair solution to the problem is for the owner to tell the contractor what the estimated quantity is, and then to pay the