 1 建筑合同的類型
建筑合同有許多類型，通常由業(yè)主來選擇合同的類型。合同類型的選擇取決于所執(zhí)行胡工作的種類以及它是在什么樣的條件下執(zhí)行的。
 1.1 總價合同
總價合同通常使用在建筑領(lǐng)域。在招標(biāo)過程中要對所需要的材料的數(shù)量進行足夠精確的計算，以使承包人提交出該工作的一個價格總量。每個項目的數(shù)量，例如干式墻、門框、浴室的水池、輸電的管道和線，以及房頂?shù)耐咂夹枰獜挠媱潟r就進行精確的計算。當(dāng)工程需要材料的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量在合同文件中都清楚說明了，提交一個投標(biāo)總額對承包人來說才是公平胡。
 1.2 單價合同
單價合同用于不可能對所需的材料總量進行精確估算的工作。單價合同通常用在繁重的公路工程上。設(shè)計者可能計算有1000 000m3 的土需要被移動，但是業(yè)主和承包人知道工程結(jié)束后， 承包人是不可能恰好移動1000 000m3 的土的。精確的數(shù)量將會改變。對這個問題公正的解決辦法是業(yè)主告訴承包人估計的總量，在工程結(jié)束后按精確量出的數(shù)量支付承包人。
承包人提交的是一個單價合同里對每個項目定的價格。單位價格乘以工程師估計的量相差可以超過15%或20%，可能高于或低于估計的量，有時對單位價格還要進行協(xié)商。當(dāng)實際的量較低時，承包商也許會要求重新確定一個較高的價格，因為預(yù)期所掙得的總額減少了。當(dāng)實際的量較高時，業(yè)主因為相反的原因也許會要求重新定一個價格。單位價格合同的目的是公平地對待合同雙方。
1 Types of construction Contracts
there are many types of construction contracts and the owner generally makes the selection of contract type. The type of contract selected depends on the kind of work being performed and the conditions under which it is being performed.
1.1 Lump sum
Lump sum contract are typically used for buildings. The quantities of the materials required can be calculated with sufficient accuracy during the bidding process to allow contractor to submit a single lump sum price for the work .The quantity of items such as drywall, door frames, bathroom sinks, electrical conduit and wiring, and roof tiles can be calculated accurately from the plans. When a clear definition of the quantities and quality of work required is provided by the contract documents, submitting a single lump sum bid is fair to the contractors
1.2 Unit price
Unit price contracts are used for work where it is not possible to calculate the exact quantity of materials that will be required. Unit-price contracts are commonly used for heavy highway work. The designer may calculate that 1,000,000 cy of earth needs to be moved, but the owner and contractors know that after the work has been completed, the contractor will not have moved exactly 1,000,000. The exact quantity will vary. The fair solution to the problem is for the owner to tell the contractor what the estimated quantity is, and then to pay the