摘 要

民間借貸自古以來就是一種非常重要的融資方式，近年來，隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，民間借貸行為的發(fā)生也更加頻繁。民間借貸的快速發(fā)展充分說明了其對(duì)調(diào)動(dòng)社會(huì)閑置資金、彌補(bǔ)正規(guī)金融行業(yè)的缺陷以及推動(dòng)私營(yíng)中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展具有重要的作用。但是我國(guó)現(xiàn)行民事法律對(duì)民間借貸行為的調(diào)整還存在很多不足之處，以至于民間借貸在社會(huì)實(shí)踐當(dāng)中很容易引起爭(zhēng)議和糾紛，不能充分發(fā)揮其積極作用。本文從民間借貸合同入手，在闡述民間借貸相關(guān)理論的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)我國(guó)民間借貸民事法律規(guī)制中存在的不足進(jìn)行分析、歸納和論證，重點(diǎn)對(duì)我國(guó)民間借貸民事法律規(guī)制的完善問題進(jìn)行探討和研究。全文分為以下五個(gè)部分：

第一部分是對(duì)民間借貸基本問題的分析。主要分析了民間借貸的含義、民間借貸的類型、民間借貸與非法集資以及高利貸的區(qū)別、民間借貸的影響。

第二部分是對(duì)民間借貸進(jìn)行的理論分析。主要闡述了民間借貸法律關(guān)系產(chǎn)生的原因和民間借貸法律關(guān)系的構(gòu)成要素。該部分從理論角度對(duì)民間借貸法律關(guān)系進(jìn)行了較為詳細(xì)的闡述和分析。

第三部分是對(duì)我國(guó)民間借貸民事法律規(guī)制存在的不足的分析。這一部分主要對(duì)《合同法》、《民法通則》、《物權(quán)法》、《擔(dān)保法》和民間借貸相關(guān)司法解釋中有關(guān)民間借貸的法律規(guī)定進(jìn)行了較為詳細(xì)的分析，并歸納總結(jié)了我國(guó)現(xiàn)有民間借貸民事法律規(guī)制中所存在的問題。

第四部分是對(duì)其它國(guó)家和地區(qū)民間民事借貸法律的現(xiàn)狀分析。這一部分主要介紹了英國(guó)、美國(guó)、南非、香港地區(qū)、臺(tái)灣地區(qū)關(guān)于民間借貸民事法律規(guī)制的狀況，并且根據(jù)這些國(guó)家和地區(qū)關(guān)于民間借貸法律規(guī)制的優(yōu)秀法律制度，分別歸納出英國(guó)、美國(guó)、南非、香港地區(qū)、臺(tái)灣地區(qū)民間借貸民事法律規(guī)制對(duì)于我國(guó)的啟示。

第五部分是對(duì)完善我國(guó)民間借貸民事法律規(guī)制問題的分析和論證，這也是本文的核心部分。該部分是在綜合上述四部分研究成果基礎(chǔ)之上，提出了完善我國(guó)民間借貸民事法律規(guī)制的具體建議。該部分在借鑒英國(guó)、南非、美國(guó)、香港地區(qū)、臺(tái)灣地區(qū)成功的立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)我國(guó)啟示的基礎(chǔ)之上，分別從《合同法》、《民法通則》、《物權(quán)法》、《擔(dān)保法》和民間借貸相關(guān)司法解釋這幾個(gè)方面，對(duì)我國(guó)民間借貸主體、民間借貸借款用途、民間借貸合法形式、民間借貸合同效力、民間借貸利率等重要問題提出了具體的

完善建議。此外，還根據(jù)國(guó)外和其他地區(qū)的啟示，對(duì)我國(guó)民間借貸的監(jiān)管問題提出了一些建議。

關(guān)鍵詞：借貸； 合同； 民間借貸； 民事法律規(guī)制

Abstract

Private lending is a very important way of financing since the ancient times. In recent years, with the rapid development of market economy, private lending has not disappeared. In verse, along with the rapid development of private enterprise and their ascending demand for money, development of private lending activities has become increasingly active, private lending has become a hot topic of legal science and even the whole society .The rapid development of private lending fully shows its’ function to mobilize social idle capital, supply the flaws of the formal financial sector, and promote the development of small -medium-size enterprises. But our current civil law still exist many shortcomings in adjustment for folk lending, so that the private lending in social practice is very easy to cause disputes, can not play full parts of the positive role in private finance. Thus, this article start from the folk loan contract, summary and analysis folk loan contract -related civil theory, and flaws of our civil law regulation. In order to give an advice of my own. This paper include five parts:

The first part is the analysis of the fundamental problems of private loans. Mainly analyzes the meaning of private lending, the type of private lending, the difference between the private lending and illegal fund-raising and usury, the positive impact and negative impact of folk lending.

The second part is theoretical analysis of private lending. Mainly introduced the reason why folk lending legal relationship starts, and lending components of civil legal relationship. This part mainly analyze the reason why folk lending financial activities frequent appeared and folk lending subject, object and content. This part study folk lending legal relationship from theory and analyzed in detail.

The third part analysis flaws of our civil law in folk lending regulation. This part mainly analysis our "contract law", "general principles of the civil law", "general principles of the civil law views", "property law", "security law" and the judicial interpretations about folk lending of our current law. And summarizes the existing problems in our civil legal re-

gulation about folk lending.

The fourth part is about other countries and regions of the folk lending of civil law regulation. This part mainly introduces regulation status on folk lending of civil law in British, American, South Africa, Hong Kong and Taiwan, and according to their regions on folk lending legal regulation legal system, induces their merits in folk lending civil legal regulation, in order to enlightenment ours’. Thus laid foundation for draw lessons from foreign advanced legal system and to perfect the relevant legal system of our country.

The fifth part is the analysis and argumentation about perfection to our civil law on folk lending regulation problem, this is also the most important part of this article. This part is based on the research result of the above four parts, puts forward some concrete Suggestions of perfecting our country's informal lending civil legal regulation. This part borrow ideas from successful legislative experience in UK, South Africa, the United States, Hong Kong and Taiwan. And analysis our "contract law", "general principles of the civil law", "general principles of the civil law views", "property law", "security law" and judicial interpretation of folk lending, to definite object, purposes, legal forms, effect, rate of folk lending, and give some advice to perfect our legal systems. In addition, regulatory problems also involved in.

Key words: loan;  contract;  folk lending;  civil law regulation

目  錄

摘 要 I

Abstract III

引 言 1

一、民間借貸的基本問題 7

（一）民間借貸的含義 7

1.廣義的民間借貸 7

2.狹義的民間借貸 7

（二）民間借貸的特點(diǎn) 8

1.借貸主體的廣泛性 8

2.借貸形式的多樣性 8

3.借貸過程簡(jiǎn)單靈活 8

4.借貸行為的隱蔽性 9

5.借貸范圍的地域性 9

（三）民間借貸的類型 9

1.按借貸主體劃分 9

2.按借貸組織形式劃分 9

3.按借貸借款用途劃分 10

（四）民間借貸與非法集資、高利貸的區(qū)別 10

1.民間借貸與非法集資的區(qū)別 10

2.民間借貸與高利貸的區(qū)別 12

（五）民間借貸的影響 13

1.積極影響 13

2.消極影響 14

二、民間借貸法律關(guān)系分析 15

（一）民間借貸法律關(guān)系產(chǎn)生的原因 15

1.當(dāng)事人間的意思自治 15

2.社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整 15

3.社會(huì)資本的積累 15

（二）民間借貸法律關(guān)系的構(gòu)成要素 16

1.主體 16

2.內(nèi)容 17

3.客體 18

三、我國(guó)民間借貸民事法律規(guī)制的不足 19

（一）《合同法》關(guān)于民間借貸規(guī)定的不足 19

1.《合同法》相關(guān)規(guī)定 19

2.《合同法》規(guī)定存在的不足 20

（二）《民法通則》、《民法通則意見》關(guān)于民間借貸規(guī)定的不足 21

1.《民法通則》、《民法通則意見》相關(guān)規(guī)定 21

2.《民法通則》、《民法通則意見》規(guī)定存在的不足 22

（三）《物權(quán)法》、《擔(dān)保法》規(guī)定在民間借貸實(shí)踐中的不足 23

1.《物權(quán)法》、《擔(dān)保法》相關(guān)規(guī)定 23

2.《物權(quán)法》、《擔(dān)保法》規(guī)定在實(shí)踐中的不足 24

（四）民間借貸相關(guān)司法解釋規(guī)定的不足 25

1.民間借貸相關(guān)司法解釋的規(guī)定 25

2.民間借貸相關(guān)司法解釋規(guī)定的不足 25

四、其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)民間借貸法律規(guī)制概況 28

（一）其他國(guó)家民間借貸法律規(guī)制概況 28

1.英國(guó) 28

2.美國(guó) 30

3.南非 31

（二）其他地區(qū)民間借貸法律規(guī)制概況 33

1.香港地區(qū) 33

2.臺(tái)灣地區(qū) 34

（三）其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)民間借貸法律制度的啟示 34

1.英國(guó) 34

2.美國(guó) 35

3.南非 36

4.香港和臺(tái)灣地區(qū) 36

五、民間借貸法律規(guī)制的完善 38

（一）《合同法》民間借貸規(guī)定的完善 38

1.明確民間借貸合同的主體 38

2.明確規(guī)定民間借貸合同內(nèi)容 39

3.完善民間借貸合同效力的規(guī)定 39

（二）《民法通則》、《民法通則意見》中民間借貸規(guī)定的完善 40

1.民間借貸訴訟時(shí)效適當(dāng)減短 40

2.明確民間借貸的范圍 41

（三）《物權(quán)法》、《擔(dān)保法》中民間借貸擔(dān)保的完善 41

1.規(guī)范民間借貸擔(dān)保的內(nèi)容及訂立程序 41

2.完善中小企業(yè)民間借貸擔(dān)保體系 42

3.健全民間借貸信用擔(dān)保體系 43

4.完善融資性擔(dān)保業(yè)的法律規(guī)制 44

（四）民間借貸相關(guān)司法解釋的完善 44

1.統(tǒng)一民間借貸利率計(jì)算的依據(jù) 44

2.統(tǒng)一民間借貸利率適用的時(shí)間點(diǎn) 45

3.適當(dāng)放松對(duì)民間借貸利率的限制 45

（五）完善民間借貸民事法律規(guī)制的其他建議 46

1.規(guī)定嚴(yán)格的借貸信息披露制度 46

2.確定借貸舉證責(zé)任倒置原則 47

3.健全民間借貸的監(jiān)管體系 47

結(jié) 語 49

致 謝 50

參考文獻(xiàn) 51