電熔鎂爐熔煉過程的建模

摘  要

節(jié)能減排是現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢，提高能量的利用率符合人類發(fā)展的長遠(yuǎn)利益。然而，限于當(dāng)前的技術(shù)條件，一些必不可少的工業(yè)過程卻是高污染高能耗的，這樣迫使人們不得不對(duì)這些工業(yè)過程進(jìn)行研究和改造。

電熔鎂砂是一種耐高溫，結(jié)構(gòu)致密的高級(jí)耐火材料，被廣泛地應(yīng)用于冶金航天工業(yè)等諸多領(lǐng)域，是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要材料。本課題研究的背景是電熔鎂砂的生產(chǎn)過程。三相交流電熔鎂爐是生產(chǎn)電熔鎂砂的重要工具。它屬于礦熱電弧爐的一種，通過爐料電阻和電弧產(chǎn)生的熱能來對(duì)菱鎂礦粉或輕燒鎂粉進(jìn)行加熱，這是一個(gè)高耗能的生產(chǎn)過程。此外，該過程又有著時(shí)變，多變量，強(qiáng)耦合等特點(diǎn)。

針對(duì)這些問題，本文進(jìn)行了如下幾個(gè)方面的研究：

（1）研究了正常工況下爐內(nèi)的物理化學(xué)變化過程，對(duì)電熔鎂爐物料批次間熱量傳遞的原理進(jìn)行了深入的分析； 

（2）根據(jù)熱學(xué)原理和實(shí)際現(xiàn)場情況，建立了電熔鎂爐熔煉過程的能量模型。通過熱量傳遞計(jì)算得出了節(jié)能的電流設(shè)定方案，并計(jì)算了相應(yīng)的能耗；

（3）采用偏最小二乘方法和迭代學(xué)習(xí)控制算法，加入了約束條件，利用粒子群優(yōu)化算法對(duì)目標(biāo)設(shè)定值進(jìn)行跟蹤，仿真結(jié)果說明了算法的有效性。

    關(guān)鍵詞：節(jié)能；電熔鎂爐；偏最小二乘法；迭代學(xué)習(xí)控制

Modeling of Electrical Smelting Furnace for Magnesia Smelting Process

Abstract

Energy conservation is one of the trends of modern industrial development. Improving energy efficiency accords with the long-term interests of human development. However, limited to the current technical conditions, a number of industrial processes are essential to high pollution and high energy consumption, forcing people to study and improve the industrial processes.

Electrical-smelted magnesia is a sort of sophisticated fireproof material which has the properties of high temperature resistibility and dense structure. It is an important material. The objective of this research is the production of electrical-smelted magnesia. It is widely used in metallurgy and aerospace industry and other fields. The three-phase AC electrical smelting furnace for magnesia (ESFM) is an important equipment for producing the electrical-smelted magnesia. It belongs to a kind of mine hot electric arc furnace. The magnesite powder and light-burning magnesium powder are heated by the furnace charge resistance and the electrodes arc, this is a high energy consumption process. In addition, the process has features such as time-varying, multivariable, strong coupling.

Facing the problems, researches include the following related parts in this thesis:

(1) The physical and chemical changes of furnace in normal operating conditions are researched. And the principle of heat transfer between material batches in ESFM is analyzed deeply in this thesis;

(2) According to thermal principle and the actual site conditions, a current set approach is proposed through heat transfer calculating, which can conserve the energy. And the value of the consuming energy can be gottern;

(3) Combining PLS and iterative learning control (ILC), adding constraints, and then using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to tracke the set-point value. And the simulation results show that the algorithm is effective.

Key words：Energy Conservation; Electrical Smelting Furnace for Magnesia (ESFM); Partial Least Squares; Iterative Learning control

目  錄

獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明 I

摘  要 II

Abstract III

第1章 緒論 1

1.1課題研究的背景及意義 1

1.2偏最小二乘法簡介 2

1.2.1偏最小二乘法的背景和特點(diǎn) 2

1.2.2偏最小二乘法的發(fā)展、研究現(xiàn)狀以及與控制的結(jié)合 3

1.3電熔鎂爐的相關(guān)情況及控制簡介 5

1.3.1電熔鎂爐的相關(guān)情況 5

1.3.2電熔鎂爐的熔煉過程控制 6

1.4本文的主要工作及安排 6

第2章 偏最小二乘法的基本理論 9

2.1數(shù)據(jù)表的基本知識(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理 9

2.1.1數(shù)據(jù)表的基本知識(shí) 9

2.1.2數(shù)據(jù)的預(yù)處理 10

2.2偏最小二乘法理論 12

2.2.1多元線性回歸分析方法 12

2.2.2典型相關(guān)分析 14

2.2.3主成分分析法 15

2.2.4偏最小二乘法 17

2.3本章小結(jié) 20

第3章電熔鎂爐熔煉原理及節(jié)能模型 21

3.1電熔鎂爐的熔煉原理和控制系統(tǒng) 21

3.1.1原料的性質(zhì)及化學(xué)物理變化 21

3.1.2電熔鎂爐結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理 23

3.1.3電熔鎂爐的控制系統(tǒng)及存在的問題 26

3.2電熔鎂爐節(jié)能模型的建立 28

3.2.1相關(guān)的物理化學(xué)知識(shí) 28

3.2.2節(jié)能模型的推導(dǎo) 29

3.3電流設(shè)定值及結(jié)論 40

3.4本章小結(jié) 42

第4章  PLS回歸建模及仿真實(shí)驗(yàn) 43

4.1PLS回歸模型的建立 43

4.2 ILC算法簡介 45

4.3PLS-ILC算法 48

4.4仿真實(shí)驗(yàn) 50

4.4.1PLS回歸建模的仿真實(shí)驗(yàn) 50

4.4.2PLS-ILC算法的仿真實(shí)驗(yàn) 53

4.5本章小結(jié) 54

第5章 結(jié)論與展望 55

5.1結(jié)論 55

5.2展望 55

參考文獻(xiàn) 57

致  謝 61