摘  要

紅外線遙控裝置具有體積小、功耗低、功能強(qiáng)、成本低等特點(diǎn)，是目前使用廣泛的一種近距離無(wú)線通信和遙控方式。為了滿足工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中對(duì)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)控要求，本文進(jìn)行紅外遙控電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)研究，詳細(xì)地分析了各功能模塊的硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)和相關(guān)軟件程序的編寫。

本系統(tǒng)主要包括紅外線信號(hào)的收發(fā)、LCD1602液晶顯示、獨(dú)立鍵盤掃描、步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速控制等幾個(gè)重要功能模塊。首先，通過(guò)對(duì)紅外線遙控工作原理的分析，提出基于單片機(jī)STC89C54RD+進(jìn)行編碼、譯碼，并將脈沖信號(hào)調(diào)制在38KHz的高頻載波上，抑制紅外干擾，設(shè)計(jì)了紅外遙控接收程序；其次，該系統(tǒng)可分為三大模塊，它們分別是輸入模塊、控制模塊及顯示模塊。輸入模塊采用5個(gè)獨(dú)立鍵盤實(shí)現(xiàn)步進(jìn)電機(jī)加減速、運(yùn)行模式、正反轉(zhuǎn)和啟?？刂戚斎牍δ?；顯示模塊則選用LCD完成步進(jìn)電機(jī)的運(yùn)行模式、速度、正反轉(zhuǎn)等運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的顯示。

本設(shè)計(jì)采用單片機(jī)組成紅外遙控步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速系統(tǒng)，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，功能強(qiáng)大，運(yùn)行可靠，可對(duì)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行良好控制。

關(guān)鍵詞：STC89C54RD+單片機(jī)，紅外遙控，步進(jìn)電機(jī)

Design of Stepper Motor Control System Based on Microntroller of Infrared Remote Control

Abstract

The infrared remote control devices are mostly used near distance wireless communication manner due to small volume, low power waste, strong function as well as low cost. To achievement the real-time measurement and control of motor speed in agriculture and industry, a system of motor speed controlled through infrared remote controlling based on micro-chip computer is designed, and the particular analysis of the hardware and software is given.

This design is mainly made up several modules including receive and transmission of infrared remote control signal, LCD1602, keyboard scanning monitor, motor speed control. First analytical infrared remote control work principle, put forward carrying on the coding and translating the code based on a MCU STC89C54RD+, The high frequency that combine to make pulse signal in the 38 KHz carries wave, repress the infrared interference, design the electric circuit of the infrared remote control, writhed the procedure of infrared send out and receive; Control the aspect in the rotate speed of the direct current motive. This design adoption establishing to share empty ratio, control the open time of the relay, raised the system goodly more to the accuracy that the rotate speed of the electric motor control rotate speed. Using the infrared remote control, can circulate the speed to establish the limit to the electrical engineering; Introduced concrete measure of the expansive function of the exaltation system finally.

This design adopts the MCU to constitute the infrared remote control electric motor rotate speed system, the structure is simpers, the function is strong, circulating the credibility, can carry on the electric motor rotate speed good measure and control.

Key Words：MCU STC89C54RD+, infrared remote, Stepper motor 

目  錄

第1章 緒  論 1

1.1 課題背景 1

1.2 課題意義 1

1.3 國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展情況 2

1.3.1 紅外通信傳送數(shù)據(jù)和視頻 2

1.3.2 紅外通信技術(shù)對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的沖擊 4

1.4 課題內(nèi)容及目標(biāo) 4

第2章 總體設(shè)計(jì) 6

2.1 總體方案的設(shè)計(jì) 6

2.2 調(diào)速方案的設(shè)計(jì) 6

第3章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 8

3.1 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 8

3.2 紅外遙控及LCD模塊 10

3.2.1 紅外遙控編解碼原理 10

3.2.2 LCD顯示模塊 13

3.3 步進(jìn)脈沖產(chǎn)生模塊 14

3.3.1步進(jìn)電機(jī)工作原理 14

3.3.2步進(jìn)電機(jī)的調(diào)速 16

3.4 步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì) 17

第4章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 19

4.1 系統(tǒng)主程序設(shè)計(jì) 19

4.2 紅外接收與解碼子程序設(shè)計(jì) 19

4.3 顯示子程序的設(shè)計(jì) 20

4.4 正反轉(zhuǎn)子程序設(shè)計(jì) 21

第5章 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 22

5.1操作控制及現(xiàn)象 22

5.2設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中遇到的主要問(wèn)題及解決方案 24

第6章 結(jié) 論 25

結(jié)束語(yǔ) 26

致  謝 27

參考文獻(xiàn) 28

附錄系統(tǒng)程序清單 29