溫室溫度自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

摘  要

隨著自動(dòng)化水平的不斷提高, 工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)對(duì)溫度的控制越來(lái)越高, 設(shè)計(jì)了一種適用于現(xiàn)代工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的實(shí)時(shí)高精度溫度監(jiān)控系統(tǒng); 采用單片機(jī)C8051F020 和PC 機(jī)相結(jié)合, 具有數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)顯示、數(shù)據(jù)通信及數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)等功能, 通過(guò)RS485 總線和上位機(jī)相連,上位機(jī)可以通過(guò)軟件對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)置和控制, 系統(tǒng)同時(shí)通過(guò)液晶模塊實(shí)時(shí)顯示監(jiān)測(cè)到的溫度和萬(wàn)年歷; 試驗(yàn)證明, 本系統(tǒng)具有一定的實(shí)時(shí)高精度性能, 有著很強(qiáng)的推廣價(jià)值。該系統(tǒng)通過(guò)對(duì)溫室內(nèi)的溫度、光照、空氣濕度、土壤濕度等環(huán)境因子的采集，并根據(jù)上述參數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)溫室溫度自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)，控制溫室環(huán)境適合農(nóng)作物的生長(zhǎng)，達(dá)到了溫室大棚自動(dòng)控制的目的。

溫度、濕度和CO2濃度等是影響作物生長(zhǎng)的重要環(huán)境因子，為有效進(jìn)行作物生長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境控制，針對(duì)日光溫室的特點(diǎn)，以模糊控制理論為基礎(chǔ)，計(jì)算機(jī)控制技術(shù)為平臺(tái)，設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)基于模糊控制技術(shù)的計(jì)算機(jī)溫室控制系統(tǒng)；介紹了MCS—51單片機(jī)為核心的溫室分布式測(cè)控系統(tǒng)的工作原理及主要功能；詳細(xì)闡述了該系統(tǒng)的軟、硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。現(xiàn)代工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)中，以單片機(jī)為核心的分布式數(shù)據(jù)采集和監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)以其電路結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，工作穩(wěn)定可靠的優(yōu)點(diǎn)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。在分布式的控制系統(tǒng)中，數(shù)據(jù)通信距離往往在幾千米以上，傳統(tǒng)的RS232芯片已不能滿足要求，因而應(yīng)用RS485實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)距離通信。

本文對(duì)其中涉及到的控制原理、系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成、分布式監(jiān)控等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了論證。

關(guān)鍵詞： 單片機(jī)；DS18B20；溫室；自動(dòng)控制；仿真

Design Of Greenhouse Temperature 

Automatic Control System

Abstract

    With the continuous improvement of level of automation,industrial on-site control of increasing temperature, design of a modern industrial site for real-time high-precision temperature monitoring system;using C8051F020 micro controller and the PC, combined with data acquisition,data display,data communications anddata storage functions,through the LCD module to the real-time diaplay for monitoring temperature and calender;tests proved that this system has certain high-precision real-time performance,have a strong promotional value.The system of the greenhouse temperature,light,air humidity,soil moisture and other environmental factors in the acquisition,and in accordance with the above parameters to achieve right temperature,humidity,light automatic adjustment and control of greenhouse environment for crop growth,reached a greenhouse automatic control.

Temperature,humidity and control of greenhouse environment for crop growth, reached a greenhouse automatic control.Temperature,humidity and CO2 concentration affect the crop growth for effective environmental control for crop growth for the characteristics of solar greenhouse control system; describes the MCS-51 micro controller as the core of the greenhouse of the working principle of distributed control system and main functions;elaborated on the system software and hardware implementations.Modern industrial control systems,single-chip microcomputer as the core of the distributed data acquisition and monitoring system for its circuit structure is simple,the distributed control system,data communication,often several kilometers or more away from the traditional RS232 chip can not meet the requirements,and therefore applied to achieve long-distance communication RS485.In this paper,involving the control mechanism,system structure,distributed control and other issues were demonstrated.

Keywords:  Communications network；DS18B20；Greenhouse；Automatic control 

目  錄 

摘  要 I

Abstract II

目  錄 III

1前言 1

1.1 溫室的起源與發(fā)展 1

1.2國(guó)內(nèi)外的溫室環(huán)境控制系統(tǒng)的研究現(xiàn)狀 2

1.3溫室測(cè)控裝置的類(lèi)型和發(fā)展方向 2

1.3.1目前常用的控制裝置 3

1.3.2控制裝置的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 5

1.4課題的提出和研究?jī)?nèi)容 6

1.4.1課題的提出 6

1.4.2研究?jī)?nèi)容 7

2.溫室溫度測(cè)控方案設(shè)計(jì) 7

2.1溫室溫度單片機(jī)測(cè)控裝置的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo) 7

2.2溫室溫度測(cè)控系統(tǒng)的組成與工作原理 7

2.3溫度溫室測(cè)控裝置設(shè)計(jì) 8

2.4單片機(jī)（STC89C51） 9

2.4.1 STC89C51單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 9

2.5溫度傳感器和測(cè)溫電路 10

2.5.1溫度傳感器概述 10

2.5.2 DS18B20單總線數(shù)字式溫度傳感器概述 11

2.5.3 DS18B20的性能特點(diǎn) 11

2.5.4 DS18B20的引腳、內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和工作過(guò)程 12

2.5.5測(cè)控系統(tǒng)中的測(cè)溫電路 14

2.6單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)原理圖 14

2.7人機(jī)交互 15

2.7.1鍵盤(pán)輸入電路 16

2.7.2顯示電路 16

2.8控制輸出電路 19

2.9串口通訊模塊設(shè)計(jì) 20

2.10報(bào)警模塊 22

3.溫度測(cè)控的實(shí)現(xiàn) 23

3.1測(cè)控系統(tǒng)的程序設(shè)計(jì) 23

3.1.1系統(tǒng)的主程序設(shè)計(jì) 23

3.1.2數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊子程序設(shè)計(jì) 24

3.1.3顯示模塊的子程序設(shè)計(jì) 25

3.1.4按鍵輸入模塊子程序設(shè)計(jì) 26

3.2系統(tǒng)測(cè)試 28

4.結(jié)論 31

參考文獻(xiàn) 32

致  謝 34

附  錄 35