摘　　要

乳酸是世界上應(yīng)用廣泛的三大有機酸之一。目前生產(chǎn)乳酸主要采取的方法有傳統(tǒng)發(fā)酵工藝以及固定化微生物法、電滲析連續(xù)發(fā)酵法、萃取發(fā)酵法、膜法發(fā)酵法、吸附發(fā)酵法、同時糖化發(fā)酵法等新工藝，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中多采用微生物發(fā)酵法生產(chǎn)L-乳酸。乳酸的提取精制是乳酸生產(chǎn)中非常重要的步驟，工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中常用的乳酸提取工藝主要有：鈣鹽法、鋅鹽法、離子交換法、溶劑萃取法和電滲析法等。本設(shè)計采用德式乳桿菌為菌種，以大米為主要原料，麩皮為輔助原料經(jīng)糖化發(fā)酵并行式來生產(chǎn)乳酸。在發(fā)酵時加入CaCO3作為乳酸中和劑和發(fā)酵液穩(wěn)定劑，得到的發(fā)酵液經(jīng)預(yù)處理→濃縮→冷卻結(jié)晶→洗晶→離心分離→乳酸鈣結(jié)晶→溶晶→酸解→過濾→脫色等一系列步驟得到粗乳酸；粗乳酸先經(jīng)濃縮再經(jīng)離子交換法（先通過732陽離子交換柱再通過331陰離子交換柱）得到純?nèi)樗?。根?jù)上述工藝流程，設(shè)計出合理的工藝流程圖，通過對乳酸生產(chǎn)平衡、設(shè)備平衡和能量平衡等的計算，選取相應(yīng)設(shè)備，設(shè)計出設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)和布置圖以及全廠平面布置圖。

關(guān)鍵詞：并行發(fā)酵　乳酸提取車間　工廠設(shè)計

Abstract

Lactic acid is one of the three organic acids which widely used in the world.Now the main approach to produce lactic acid include:the traditional fermentation process and immobilized microorganisms,continuous electrodialysis fermentation, extraction　fermentation,membrane fermentation,adsorption fermentation,law saccharification and fermentation technology ect.these new process．Microbial fermentation is the process which most widely used in industrial production to produce L-lactic acid.Extraction of lactic acid production is refined very important step;some processes like:calcium method,zinc salts,ion exchange,solvent extraction and electrodialysis law which are normally used in industrial production of lactic acid;The design used the German Lactobacillusfor strains and rice as the main raw materials,wheat branas auxiliary raw materials and then for parallel saccharification and fermentation to produce lactic acid.The CaCO3 is used as lactic acid neutralizer and stabilizer fermentation broth in the fermentation. The fermentation broth obtained from the fermentation must be treatby these step to be crude lacticby:the pretreatment of the fermentation broth→condense the broth→cooling crystallization of concentrated wash crystal→wash the crystal→centrifuge dissolved→crystallize the calcium lactate into crystal→dissolve it with water→dissolve it with acid→filter it→decolor it ect;crude lactic acid concentration from the first used the via ion exchange(first path through the 732 cation exchange column and then through the 331 anion-exchange column)to be pure lactic acid.Design process flow chart a reasonable on the based of above process.Select the appropriate equipment,calculation the balance on the lactic acid production,equipment and energy,then design the structure and layout of equipment and factory floor plan at last.

Key words: Parallel fermentation  The workshop for extracted lactate  The factory design

目    錄

摘要 i

Abstract ii

1  緒論 1

1.1  乳酸的概況 1

1.1.1  乳酸的性質(zhì)和用途 1

1.1.2  乳酸的質(zhì)量檢驗與儲存 3

1.2  乳酸的生產(chǎn)技術(shù) 3

1.2.1 發(fā)酵法 3

1.2.2 化學(xué)合成法 4

1.2.3 乳酸生產(chǎn)新技術(shù) 5

1.2.4 乳酸的提取和精制技術(shù) 6

2  生產(chǎn)工藝 7

2.1  發(fā)酵工藝 7

2.1.1 發(fā)酵工藝流程及特點 7

2.1.2 發(fā)酵工藝條件 7

2.1.3 發(fā)酵工藝操作要點及注意事項 8

2.2  提取精制工藝 10

2.2.1 提取工藝流程及特點 10

2.2.2 提取工藝條件 10

2.2.3 提取工藝操作要點及注意事項 11

3 工藝計算及設(shè)備選型 14

3.1 發(fā)酵工段 15

3.1.1 生產(chǎn)平衡計算 15

3.1.2 設(shè)備平衡計算及選型 15

3.2  提取工段 17

3.2.1 生產(chǎn)平衡計算 17

3.2.2 設(shè)備平衡計算及選型 18

3.3  水平衡及能量平衡計算 20

3.3.1 水平衡計算 20

3.3.2 能量平衡計算 20

4 車間布置設(shè)計 22

4.1設(shè)計依據(jù) 22

4.2車間布置（廠房平面布置） 22

4.2.1車間布置設(shè)計原則 22

4.2.2車間平面布置 23

4.2.3車間立面布置 23

4.2.4設(shè)備布置 23

結(jié) 論 24

致謝 25

參考文獻 26

附錄 28