[外文翻譯]肯尼亞茶業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)和積極的發(fā)展/The Tea Industry in Kenya: The Challenges and Positive Developments
內(nèi)包含中文翻譯和英文原文，內(nèi)容完善，建議下載閱覽。

①中文頁(yè)數(shù) 3

中文字?jǐn)?shù) 3298

② 英文頁(yè)數(shù) 4

英文字?jǐn)?shù) 1973

③ 摘要
1903年肯尼亞首次從定居印度的殖民者手中引入茶葉。目前，在肯尼亞茶葉是全球領(lǐng)先的出口作物。在世界市場(chǎng)上，肯尼亞是世界第三大紅茶生產(chǎn)國(guó)，落后于印度和斯里蘭卡。2001年，茶業(yè)營(yíng)業(yè)額是47400萬(wàn)美元，其中43700萬(wàn)美元來(lái)自出口收入，2002年肯尼亞成為僅次于斯里蘭卡的紅茶出口國(guó)?？夏醽啿璩晒Φ陌咐饕腥齻€(gè)主要的因素。首先，獨(dú)立后的政府政策將小規(guī)模種植者變成主要茶葉生產(chǎn)者。目前，在肯尼亞茶葉發(fā)展局（ KTDA ）的保護(hù)傘下的小規(guī)模種植占茶葉生產(chǎn)總量的百分之六十，同時(shí)，跨國(guó)公司和大型種植者占剩余的百分之四十。根據(jù)英國(guó)茶葉公司經(jīng)驗(yàn)茶葉產(chǎn)業(yè)部門還在產(chǎn)業(yè)和工廠管理等方面推出了革命性的改進(jìn)，從而增加了5倍的出口?？夏醽啿枞~研究基金會(huì)（ TRFK ）主要通過(guò)選擇高產(chǎn)品種、應(yīng)用除草劑、改進(jìn)種植和栽培方法手段等方法，對(duì)茶葉產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。1965年，茶葉平均單產(chǎn)984千克/公頃；2002年收于2498千克/公頃，是1965年的2.5倍。

Tea was first introduced in Kenya from India by colonial settlers in 1903. Currently tea is the leading export crop in Kenya. In the world market, Kenya is the third largest producer of black tea after India and Sri Lanka. In 2001, the tea industry turnover was US$ 474 million of which US$ 437 million occurred from export. In the year 2002 Kenya was second only to Sri Lanka in exports of black tea.
The success story of tea is a product of three main developments. First the government policy after independence to integrate small scale growers into the mainstream of tea growing. Currently the small scale growers under the umbrella of Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA) account for sixty percent of the total tea production while the multinational sector and large scale growers account for the remaining forty percent. The establishment of an efficient estate sector under the British tea companies has also introduced revolutionary improvements in the estate and factory management with a resulting five-fold increase in output. The selection of high yielding varieties mainly by the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya (TRFK) and the selective application of herbicides and improved planting and cultivation methods, have had a dramatic effect on yield. In 1965, average yields in the estate sector were 948 kg per hectare. In 2002 they were two and a half times higher at 2498 kg per hectare.


④關(guān)鍵字 茶業(yè)種植/Tea Growing

⑥參考文獻(xiàn)
恩喬羅．肯尼亞茶業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)和積極的發(fā)展．非洲農(nóng)業(yè)和食品加工，1999，（9），26-28．

R.M. Gesimba. The Tea Industry in Kenya: The Challenges and Positive Developments. Africa Farming and Food Processing,1999.(9).26-28