基于FPGA的便捷式B超交互系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計

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摘要
我國醫(yī)療器械產(chǎn)業(yè)是一個新型的健康產(chǎn)業(yè)，由于發(fā)展不久，不論是產(chǎn)能上還是研發(fā)上都遠遠不能滿足市場需求，我國現(xiàn)在醫(yī)療器械與藥品的消費比例差不多為1:10，但在發(fā)達國家這個比例已經(jīng)達到了1:1，由此可見我國醫(yī)療器械產(chǎn)業(yè)還存在著很大的缺口，現(xiàn)在我國醫(yī)療器械產(chǎn)品六成以上都依賴于進口。在這種背景的推動下，中國便捷式B超儀產(chǎn)業(yè)保持著高速持續(xù)的發(fā)展，為中國醫(yī)療器械的發(fā)展做出了重要的貢獻。
本文在分析了國內(nèi)外便捷式B超儀背景與市場現(xiàn)狀后，提出了一種基于NiOS II開發(fā)系統(tǒng)的便捷式B超儀設(shè)計方案。旨在滿足中國居民對便捷式B超儀的需求。
論文首先分析了便捷式B超儀的基本原理與結(jié)構(gòu)，詳細介紹了NiOS II處理器，論證了在FPGA技術(shù)下開發(fā)的可能性，提出了以NiOS II+FPGA為平臺，QuartusII為軟件支撐的便捷式B超儀交互系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方案。并用SOPC技術(shù)來構(gòu)建，以求使便捷式B超儀在性能，體積，價格，穩(wěn)定性，適用范圍達到更高的要求。其次，對系統(tǒng)的軟硬件進行總的需求分析，并按照要求對軟硬件系統(tǒng)進行開發(fā),得出仿真結(jié)果，并進行分析。本文所設(shè)計的便攜式B型超聲診斷儀可在多種特殊環(huán)境(諸如地震、抗洪、火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭）中發(fā)揮作用，同時也可在偏遠鄉(xiāng)村診所中完成對相關(guān)疾病的診斷工作。

關(guān)鍵詞：NiOS II處理器， FPGA， SOPC， 便捷式B超儀


ABSTRACT
China's medical equipment industry is a new kind of health industry, whether it is due to the development near the capacity of its research and development are still far from being able to meet the market demand, China's consumption ratio of medical equipment and drugs, now almost 1:10, but in developed countries this the ratio has reached 1:1, we can see that China's medical equipment industry, there is still a wide gap, and now more than 60 percent of China's medical device products are dependent on imports. Under the impetus of this background, China B-portable instrument industry maintained rapid and sustainable development, for the development of China's medical equipment made a significant contribution.
After analyzing the ultrasound instrument background and market situation at home and abroad portable B, B-made portable instrument design is based on a NiOS II development system. Designed to meet the needs of the residents of China B-portable instrument.
Thesis analyzes the basic principle and structure portable B-meter, detailing NiOS II processor, demonstrated the possibility of FPGA technology under development is proposed to NiOS II + FPGA platform, QuartusII portable software support B-device interactive system design. SOPC technology to build and use, in order to make portable B-device performance, volume, price stability, the scope for higher requirements. Secondly, the overall system's hardware and software requirements analysis, and in accordance with the requirements of the hardware and software system development, simulation results obtained and analyzed. This article is designed for portable B-type ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus may play a role in a variety of special circumstances (such as earthquakes, floods, fires, wars), and also to complete the diagnostic work-related diseases in remote rural clinics.



Keywords: NiOS II processor, FPGA, SOPC, B super-portable instrument.


目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2現(xiàn)代超聲診斷技術(shù)國內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況以及研究目的與意義 1
1.3研究的目的與意義 2
1.4便捷式B超的性能指標 3
1.4.1縱向分辯力 3
1.4.2橫向分辯力 4
1.4.3對比分辯力 4
1.4.4倍號動態(tài)范圍 4
1.5 FPGA在數(shù)字超聲系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用 5
1.6本文工作和內(nèi)容安排 6
1.7 本章小結(jié) 7
第二章 便攜式B型超聲儀成像系統(tǒng)原理以及系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計 8
2.1超聲成像原理 8
2.2 B型超聲儀的相關(guān)物理量 11
2.3系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計 12
2.3.1 一般B超檢查儀的設(shè)計及實現(xiàn)的功能 12
2.3.2 一般B型超聲診斷儀系統(tǒng)的軟硬件組成 14
2.4本章小結(jié) 15
第三章 便攜式B型超聲儀系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計 16
3.1軟核CPU簡介 17
3.2發(fā)射部分硬件結(jié)構(gòu) 19
3.3接收部分硬件結(jié)構(gòu) 19
3.4圖像處理部分硬件結(jié)構(gòu) 21
3.5人機接口部分硬件結(jié)構(gòu) 21
3.6電源部分硬件結(jié)構(gòu) 22
3.7本章小結(jié) 23
第四章 便攜式B型超聲儀系統(tǒng)的軟件平臺 24
4.1 Quartus II簡介 24
4.2 SOPC Builder 25
4.3 NIOS II IDE 26
4.4 系統(tǒng)重要功能模塊 27
4.4.1底層初始化 27
4.4.2功能層 28
4.4.3顯示層 29
4.5本章小結(jié) 30
第五章 交互系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn) 31
5.1軟件的設(shè)計實現(xiàn)與調(diào)試 31
5.2 系統(tǒng)的仿真與調(diào)試 35
5.2.1 NIOS II最小系統(tǒng)仿真 35
5.2.2 便捷式B超儀發(fā)射部分的仿真 35
5.2.3 便捷式B超儀接收射部分的仿真 36
5.2.4 便捷式B超儀圖像部分的仿真 37
5.2.5便捷式B超儀人機接口部分的仿真 38
5.2.6 便捷式B超儀電源部分的仿真 38
5.3調(diào)試中的認知與體會 39
第六章 總結(jié)和展望 40
6.1總結(jié) 40
6.2不足與展望 40