一種車(chē)載復(fù)合電源的設(shè)計(jì)與研究

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目 錄
第1章 緒論 1
1.1背景及意義 1
1.2 車(chē)載復(fù)合電源國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.2國(guó)外研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.3 本文章節(jié)安排 4
第2章 車(chē)載復(fù)合電源各部件的特性分析 5
2.1 蓄電池特性分析 6
2.1.1 車(chē)用蓄電池的選擇 6
2.1.2 蓄電池的充放電特性 8
2.1.3 蓄電池的容量特性 9
2.1.4 蓄電池的內(nèi)阻特性 9
2.2 超級(jí)電容特性分析 10
2.2.1 超級(jí)電容的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理 10
2.2.2 超級(jí)電容充放電特性 11
2.2.3 超級(jí)電容的容量特性 12
2.2.4 超級(jí)電容的內(nèi)阻特性 13
2.2.5 超級(jí)電容的性能特點(diǎn) 14
2.2.6 超級(jí)電容的產(chǎn)業(yè)化情況 15
2.3 雙向DC/DC變換器的特性研究 17
2.3.1 雙向DC/DC變換器研究概況 17
2.3.2 雙向DC/DC變換器效率特性 18
第3章 車(chē)載復(fù)合電源的結(jié)構(gòu)選型及控制策略研究 20
3.1 車(chē)載復(fù)合電源結(jié)構(gòu)選型 20
3.2 雙向DC/DC變換器的結(jié)構(gòu)分析 21
3.2.1 雙向半橋變換器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的分析 21
3.2.2 升降壓變換器模式 22
3.3 雙向DC/DC變換器控制策略分析 23
第4章 車(chē)載復(fù)合電源升壓仿真分析 25
4.1 MATLAB/Simulink軟件的簡(jiǎn)介 25
4.2 單一蓄電池仿真 26
4.3 超級(jí)電容與蓄電池直接并聯(lián)復(fù)合電源仿真 27
4.4 超級(jí)電容經(jīng)過(guò)DC/DC變換器與蓄電池并聯(lián)復(fù)合電源仿真 30
4.5 仿真結(jié)果比較及結(jié)論 32
第5章 車(chē)載復(fù)合電源的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 34
5.1 車(chē)載復(fù)合電源雙向DC/DC變換器控制電路 34
5.2 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換電路 36
5.3 電源電路 36
5.4 通訊電路 37
5.5 保護(hù)電路 37
結(jié)論和展望 39
致謝 41
參考文獻(xiàn) 42


摘要：隨著能源、環(huán)保等問(wèn)題的日益突出，混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)成為近年來(lái)發(fā)展迅速的一種新型汽車(chē)，是21世紀(jì)最具有發(fā)展前途的綠色清潔汽車(chē)?；旌蟿?dòng)力汽車(chē)是用電池半替代傳統(tǒng)的汽油作為車(chē)載能源的，然而在現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)條件下，動(dòng)力電池的性能是混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)發(fā)展的主要瓶頸。超級(jí)電容作為一種新型電源，具有比功率大、充放電迅速、壽命長(zhǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，與蓄電池結(jié)合起來(lái)組成復(fù)合電源，能夠解決單一蓄電池大電流充不進(jìn)、放不出的問(wèn)題，在滿足車(chē)輛動(dòng)力需求的同時(shí)，最大限度吸收制動(dòng)能量，從而達(dá)到延長(zhǎng)蓄電池壽命，提高車(chē)輛的動(dòng)力性和燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性的目的。
首先，分析研究復(fù)合電源各元件的特性，主要研究蓄電池、超級(jí)電容和雙向DC/DC變換器各自的特性，并在此基礎(chǔ)上，分析研究復(fù)合電源的基本組成結(jié)構(gòu)；然后通過(guò)對(duì)復(fù)合電源各元件特性的分析研究，設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)合電源的結(jié)構(gòu)以及雙向DC/DC，研究DC/DC控制策略；再用軟件Matlab/Simulink在建立的復(fù)合電源模型上，對(duì)制定的控制策略在變化的負(fù)載下進(jìn)行仿真，并對(duì)由蓄電池和超級(jí)電容組成的復(fù)合電源以及由蓄電池構(gòu)成的單一電池電源以及直接并聯(lián)進(jìn)行仿真對(duì)比，研究超級(jí)電容是否對(duì)蓄電池有“削峰填谷”的作用，仿真結(jié)果表明，超級(jí)電容在負(fù)載變大時(shí)提供能量，避免了蓄電池的大電流充放電，不僅對(duì)蓄電池起到了保護(hù)作用，還能有效延長(zhǎng)混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)的續(xù)駛里程。最后，根據(jù)復(fù)合電源對(duì)雙向DC/DC變換器的設(shè)計(jì)要求，設(shè)計(jì)出電路結(jié)構(gòu)，并運(yùn)用軟件Matlab/Simulink對(duì)它進(jìn)行仿真，仿真結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了理論的正確性，并且討論了部分硬件設(shè)計(jì)。
關(guān)鍵詞：復(fù)合電源； 混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)； 超級(jí)電容； 雙向DC/DC變換器


The Research and Design of a Vehicle Hybrid Electrical Source
ABSTRACT Hybrid power cars becomes a kind of new, fast-developing vehicle in the last years, which has the best future as a green vehicle, as the problems of energy and environment are becoming more and more serious in the 21st century. The energy in Hybrid cars is provided by storage batteries instead of traditional gasoline, and the Hybrid cars development of Hybrid cars are limited by the capacity of its storage batteries with current technologies. Well,as a newly developed energy source，Ultra-capacitor has the advantage of high power density, rapid charge and discharge performance and long life time，and are very suitable for high power need such as acceleration，brake and climbing of the vehicle. Combined energy storage system composed of batteries and ultra-capacitors combines their advantage and can not only meet the vehicle dynamic demand，but also improve regenerative braking energy recycling performance．
First, the characteristics of components of the hybrid power system were researched. On the basis of predominating the characteristics of battery, ultra capacitor and bidirectional DC/DC converter, the structure characteristics and work patterns of the system were determined. Then through the analysis of the characteristics of each component of composite power supply, designing structure of power supply and bidirectional DC/DC, and research on DC/DC control strategy. And then the software Matlab/Simulink in hybrid source model, the control strategy is simulated under varying load. From the results of these simulations, ultra-capacitor can provide energy when it is heavy load. So it can protect the battery according to avoiding the strong current charge and discharge of battery and it also can effectively extend the Hybrid cars continued driving mileages.At last, according to the design requirements of bidirectional DC/DC converter,the bidirectional DC/DC converter was designed and simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show the correctness of theoretical calculation. Meanwhile discussing part of hardware design.
Keyword: Hybrid Power System; Hybrid Cars; Ultra-capacitor; Bidirectional DC/DC