我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資難的原因及對(duì)策

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摘要： 改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷加速升溫，我國(guó)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展迅速在大好勢(shì)頭下茁壯成長(zhǎng)，成為社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的中流砥柱。無(wú)論是經(jīng)濟(jì)高度發(fā)達(dá)的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還是相對(duì)落后的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，中小企業(yè)已成為世界各國(guó)的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱， 加速中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展，可以促使國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康穩(wěn)定的增長(zhǎng)。然而，中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展道路上布滿了各種障礙，其面對(duì)的許多困難中最突出是其融資難的問(wèn)題，這是一個(gè)世界性的難題和長(zhǎng)久性的課題。造成我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資難的原因，不僅有中小企業(yè)自身存在缺陷的原因，同時(shí)還存在金融機(jī)構(gòu)注重自身的經(jīng)營(yíng)效益，對(duì)中小企業(yè)的積極性不高、政府部門(mén)對(duì)中小企業(yè)扶持不足等各方面的原因。
本文分析目前我國(guó)中小企業(yè)的融資現(xiàn)狀，借鑒美國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資的相關(guān)理論，對(duì)美國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資制度和政策進(jìn)行比較分析，剖析我國(guó)中小企業(yè)自身存在的問(wèn)題，以及銀行貸款難是造成我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資難的主要原因。在此基礎(chǔ)上，借鑒美國(guó)中小企業(yè)的融資政策、制度對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示，提出了一系列緩解我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資難的相關(guān)對(duì)策和建議。
關(guān)鍵詞：中小企業(yè) 融資難 問(wèn)題 原因 對(duì)策


The reason and Countermeasure of financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China
Abstract: Since reform and opening up, national economy has been increasing all the time. Small and medium-sized enterprises in our country are developing rapidly thrived in good momentum, which has become a mainstay of the socialist market economy. Whether it is a highly developed economy in developed countries or developing countries relatively backward , small and medium-sized enterprises have become a pillar of the national economy in many countries around the world. Speeding up the development of small and medium-sized enterprises can prompt the growth of national economy which continues to be healthy and stable. However, with the development of small and medium-sized enterprises on the road being full of obstacles, the most prominent factor of facing a number of difficulties is the difficulty in financing , which is a worldwide problem and lasting topic. In view of the cause of small and medium-sized enterprise in our country financing difficulties, not only has the reason of small and medium-sized enterprises own existence flaw, but also the existence of financial institutions to pay attention to their own management benefit, at the same time, small and medium-sized enterprises’ enthusiasm is not high and the government departments for small and medium-sized enterprises lack of support and so on various reasons.
In this paper, contain analysis of the present status of the small and medium-sized enterprises financing in China and reference to the relevant theories of the small and medium-sized enterprises financing in the USA, in addition, it analyzes the problem of small and medium-sized enterprise itself in our country and difficult bank loans are the main reasons for the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country. Based on this, as well as reference to the small and medium-sized enterprise financing policy in America and system of our country's enlightenment, a series of countermeasures and suggestions related to financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises are proposed.

Key words：Small and medium-sized enterprises; Financing difficulties; Problem; Reason; Countermeasure.


目 錄
引言...................................................1
第一章 研究的相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ).............................2
1.1 中小企業(yè)的界定.............................................2
1.2 中小企業(yè)融資的方式.........................................5
第二章 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資存在的問(wèn)題及成因分析...........8
2.1 中小企業(yè)自身存在的問(wèn)題及原因...............................8
2.1.1 企業(yè)自身信用缺失，信用觀念淡薄........................9
2.1.2 中小企業(yè)管理水平相對(duì)較差..............................9
2.1.3 中小企業(yè)擔(dān)保難........................................10
2.2 中小企業(yè)外部存在的問(wèn)題及原因(以銀行貸款存在問(wèn)題為例)......10
2.2.1 信貸歧視.............................................11
2.2.2 商業(yè)銀行對(duì)不良貸款的容忍度降低.......................12
第三章 中小企業(yè)融資的國(guó)際借鑒(以美國(guó)為例)............13
3.1 美國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資模式.....................................13
3.2 美國(guó)對(duì)中小企業(yè)融資的政策扶持.............................13
3.3 美國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示.............................15
第四章 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資難的解決對(duì)策..................17
4.1 解決中小企業(yè)自身方面存在的問(wèn)題...........................17
4.1.1 建立統(tǒng)一的信用評(píng)價(jià)體系...............................17
4.1.2 政府設(shè)立專(zhuān)門(mén)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)中小企業(yè)進(jìn)行擔(dān)保...................17
4.1.3 提升人力資源管理能力.................................17
4.2 解決銀行貸款難的問(wèn)題.....................................18
4.2.1 從客觀角度看中小企業(yè)，消除對(duì)中小企業(yè)信貸歧視........18
4.2.2 按照社區(qū)銀行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)改造城市商業(yè)銀行..................18
4.2.3 在辦事程序上精簡(jiǎn)細(xì)化.................. .............19
結(jié)..