交通信號(hào)系統(tǒng)對(duì)交通環(huán)境的影響分析

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摘要： 交通是城市活動(dòng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈，隨著我國(guó)汽車工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，機(jī)動(dòng)車保有量迅速增加，城市交通擁堵的加劇引起了交通事故的頻繁發(fā)生，以及車輛延誤增加，可見由于城市交通引起的生態(tài)和環(huán)境問題日趨嚴(yán)重，這在很大的程度上影響著居民的生活質(zhì)量和城市今后的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。北京市作為首都,其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展太過迅猛，交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)速度已經(jīng)很難適應(yīng)交通量的需求，從而導(dǎo)致了交通擁堵，進(jìn)而加重了交通污染問題，交通帶來的大氣污染己經(jīng)成為北京市大氣污染的最主要來源之一。為了解決由交通造成的環(huán)境污染方面問題，各種針對(duì)于機(jī)動(dòng)車尾氣的治理方法不斷涌現(xiàn)，其中通過適當(dāng)?shù)馗倪M(jìn)交通信號(hào)系統(tǒng)來影響交通環(huán)境的方法就是之一。
大致上來說，關(guān)于交通信號(hào)的控制發(fā)展歷程，包括了從點(diǎn)、到線再到面3個(gè)控制階段，我們可以改變每個(gè)交差口設(shè)置的色燈信號(hào)控制參數(shù)，來使信號(hào)控制下的本交叉點(diǎn)，在所有方向上的交通流通過該交叉口時(shí)停車延誤最小，以及在多個(gè)交叉口形成信號(hào)聯(lián)鎖控制，達(dá)到區(qū)域最優(yōu)化。這樣可以緩解擁堵區(qū)域內(nèi)的交通壓力,最終使得區(qū)域內(nèi)交通流量的分配趨于合理,來降低污染物的排放量。國(guó)外當(dāng)前比較成熟的系統(tǒng)主要有TRANSYT系統(tǒng)、SCATS系統(tǒng)和SCOOT系統(tǒng)。
本文以道路交叉口處的信號(hào)控制系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化對(duì)交通環(huán)境影響分析為研究?jī)?nèi)容，將北京市延慶縣，作為研究主體，以實(shí)用性、可比性、可行性為原則，通過對(duì)比系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化前后，對(duì)象線路上有關(guān)交通流量、旅行的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短和延誤時(shí)間以及平均速度有關(guān)狀況的調(diào)查，最后通過計(jì)算、對(duì)比、分析出交通信號(hào)系統(tǒng)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。最后結(jié)果表明信號(hào)系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn)對(duì)機(jī)動(dòng)車排放的污染，起到了一定良好的削弱作用。
關(guān)鍵詞： 交通信號(hào)系統(tǒng) 交通環(huán)境 污染物 綠波交通

Traffic signal system analysis on the influence of traffic environment

Abstrac： the city traffic is the lifeblood of economic activities, along with the rapid development of China's automobile industry, the rapid increase of motor vehicles tenure, city traffic congestion has led to frequent traffic accidents, vehicle delay increases, the ecological and environmental problems caused by city traffic is becoming increasingly serious, which greatly affect the sustainable development of the quality of life of residents and the city. Beijing city as the capital's economic development is too rapid, the traffic infrastructure construction speed has been difficult to adapt to the traffic demand, leading to traffic congestion, aggravate the problem of traffic pollution, traffic brought about by air pollution has become Beijing's main source of air pollution. To solve the traffic problems of environmental pollution, various treatment methods of the automobile tail appears continuously, through the improvement of traffic signal system to affect the traffic environment is one of them.
The development of traffic signal control has experienced 3 stages to control, remote control and surface control, through the color lamp is arranged in each cross signal control parameters, the signal under the control of the intersection of all directions of traffic flow at the intersection of the stalled minimum delay time, and a control in a number of intersection signal interlocking, seek regional optimal, can alleviate the congestion area traffic pressure, make the traffic flow distribution in the city within the scope of reasonable, the pollutant emissions reduced. The more mature system there are TRANSYT system, SCATS system and SCOOT system.
In this paper, taking the road intersection signal control system upgrade project impact on traffic environment as research content，Yanqing County of Beijing City, As the main research object, according to the practicability, comparability, scientific and reliable principle, the average emission standard vehicles Co, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides content analysis as the main index, through the system before and after the operation of line of traffic flow, travel time, delay time and other traffic survey, calculation and compared to the region of motor vehicle exhaust emission quantity, and the final analysis of traffic signal system on the environment. The final results showed that the signal system improvement of vehicle emission pollution, to weaken the effect of good.

KEYWORDS：Traffic signal system Environmental effect Contaminants Green wave traffic


目錄
引言 6
1.1選題背景： 6
1.2國(guó)內(nèi)外研究綜述 8
1.3論文結(jié)構(gòu) 9
第二章 交通信號(hào)控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展 10
2.1 當(dāng)前主流信號(hào)機(jī)在我國(guó)的應(yīng)用 11
2.2.1 SCOOT系統(tǒng) 11
2.2.2 SCATS系統(tǒng) 12
2.2.3 HiCon系統(tǒng) 14
2.3北京市信號(hào)系統(tǒng)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 15
第三章 北京交通環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀 16
第四章 交通信號(hào)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化對(duì)交通環(huán)境的影響分析 18
4.1綠波交通 18
4.1.1定義 18
4.1.2信號(hào)控制系統(tǒng)的基本參數(shù) 18
4.1.3配時(shí)所需的數(shù)據(jù) 19
4.1.4計(jì)算備用配時(shí)方案 19
4.3主要思想 20
4.4各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)的選取標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 21
4.4.1調(diào)查時(shí)間 21
4.4.2路線選擇 21
4.4.3車型分類 21
4.5調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù) 22
4.5.1路段機(jī)動(dòng)車流量 22
4.5.2旅行時(shí)間、延誤時(shí)間 22
第五章 案例分析 23
5.1調(diào)查時(shí)間 23
5.2調(diào)查路線： 23
5.4調(diào)查結(jié)果和數(shù)據(jù)整理、分析 24
5.4.1車流量 24
5.4.2旅行時(shí)間、停車時(shí)間 25
結(jié)論 27
6.1..