12kV真空負荷開關(guān)關(guān)鍵件制造工藝設(shè)計

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摘要
高壓真空開關(guān)( 包括中壓3~40.5kV、高壓72~126kV, 以下簡稱真空開關(guān)) 是在真空介質(zhì)中關(guān)合和開斷電路的開關(guān)設(shè)備。主要品種包括真空斷路器、真空接觸器、真空負荷開關(guān)等。真空開關(guān)的滅弧原理是將開關(guān)的動、靜觸頭封閉在真空容器, 即滅弧室( 由玻璃或陶瓷制成) 內(nèi)進行分、合操作。滅弧室真空度應在1.3×10-3~1.33×10-7Pa范圍。在高真空度狀態(tài)下, 觸頭間具有很高的絕緣強度和很高的開斷能力。真空負荷開關(guān)作為較先進的的開關(guān)設(shè)備，適合頻繁操作，具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、開斷能力較強、滅弧性能好、機械電壽命長、檢修維護工作量小，防燃、防爆、運行可靠性高、檢修周期長等優(yōu)點，因此廣泛使用在配電線路上。負荷開關(guān)的工作原理與斷路器相似，也具有簡單的滅弧裝置，但其結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單， 一般不具備電流互感器和繼電保護等功能。操動機構(gòu)是真空開關(guān)的核心部件之一，其作用是驅(qū)動真空滅弧室的動觸頭，以達到閉合與分斷電路的目的。
真空負荷開關(guān)的彈簧操動機構(gòu)是利用已儲能的彈簧為動力，實現(xiàn)開關(guān)的分合閘操作。彈簧操動機構(gòu)以其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單緊湊、操動靈活、機械壽命長等優(yōu)點被廣泛應用，但由于彈簧操動機構(gòu)加工工藝要求較高，傳動環(huán)節(jié)較多，有時也可能會出現(xiàn)故障，這就要求在實際中不斷研究總結(jié)操動機構(gòu)的運行維護經(jīng)驗，著力提升配網(wǎng)運行水平和社會效益。
本次設(shè)計內(nèi)容主要包括缸的動作原理分析與關(guān)鍵件的工藝設(shè)計，工藝與材料的計算與選擇，工藝方案的擬定，主要零件的工藝設(shè)計，工藝應注意的問題等等。通過對方案進行反復的調(diào)整與驗算確定了零件工藝，使設(shè)計的工藝基本達到了加工的要求。
關(guān)鍵詞：真空開關(guān) 真空熔斷器 彈簧機構(gòu)




Abstract
High voltage vacuum switch (including medium pressure 3~40.5kV, pressure 72~126kV, hereinafter referred to as the vacuum switch) is closing and opening switches off the circuit in the vacuum medium. The main varieties include vacuum breaker, vacuum contactor, vacuum load switch. Vacuum switch is the principle of dynamic static contact switch, enclosed in a vacuum container, an arc extinguishing chamber (made of glass or ceramic) within the division, operation. Vacuum degree of vacuum interrupter should be in the range of 1.3 × 10-3~1.33 × 10-7Pa. In a vacuum state, has the very high dielectric strength and high breaking capacity between contacts. Vacuum load switch as the switch equipment is advanced, suitable for frequent operation, has the advantages of simple structure, breaking ability, good performance of mechanical electric arc, long life, small maintenance workload, anti burning, explosion proof, has the advantages of high reliability, long maintenance cycle, so it is widely used in power distribution lines. The principle and circuit breaker controller load switch is similar, also has the arc extinguishing device is simple, but its structure is relatively simple, generally do not have the current transformer and relay protection function. The actuator is one of the key components of vacuum switch, its role is moving contact driving vacuum interrupter, in order to achieve the purpose of closing and breaking circuit.
Spring vacuum load switch operating mechanism is to use spring has energy storage for power, realize the switching operation of the switch. Spring operating mechanism for its simple and compact structure, flexible operation, long life and other advantages of machinery is widely used, but because of the spring operating mechanism processing requirements higher, transmission links more, sometimes may malfunction, which requires constant research summary of operating mechanism in the actual operation and maintenance experience, to improve the the level of distribution network and social benefits.
The design content mainly includes the operation principle is analyzed and the key parts of the process design of cylinder, calculation and selection of technology and materials, the proposed process scheme, process design of the main parts of the process, should pay attention to the problem. By adjusting and checking of part process repeatedly scheme is determined, the design process meets the processing requirements.
Keywords: Vacuum switch Vacuum fuse Spring mechanism


目 錄
第一章 高壓真空負荷開關(guān)概述 1
1.1 FZRN25-12型戶外高壓負荷開關(guān) 1
1.2 結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理 4
1.3 真空開關(guān)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展 6
1.3.1 觸頭結(jié)構(gòu)不斷改進,開斷電流不斷增大 6
1.3.2 觸頭材料進步提高了真空開關(guān)的開斷性能 6
1.3.3 真空滅弧室制造技術(shù)的進步,提高了滅弧室真空度和機械壽命 6
1.3.4 真空斷路器極柱絕緣的發(fā)展,使之縮小了體積又提高了可靠性 7
1.3.5 操動機構(gòu)的進展 7
1.4 本課題來源及任務(wù)要求 7
第二章 開關(guān)零件的測繪及三維重構(gòu) 8
2.1 測繪的概念及步驟 8
2.2 測繪的注意事項 9
2.3 環(huán)網(wǎng)柜零件測繪中遇到的問題及解決方法 9
2.3.1 不規(guī)則零件的測繪 10
2.3.2 多孔零件的測繪 14
第三章 基于UG軟件的開關(guān)三維模擬裝配 16
3.1 裝配的概念 16
3.2 組件屬性 16
3.3 組件特點 17
3.4 虛擬裝配 17
第四章 開關(guān)零件的精度設(shè)計 18
4.1零件的分析 18
4.1.1 零件的作用 18
4.1.2 零件材料分析 19
4.1.3 確定生產(chǎn)類型 19
4.1.4 毛坯的確定 20
4.1.5 確定毛坯種類 21
4.2 加工工藝過程分析 21
4.2.1 加工工藝過程的組成 21
4.2.2 定位基準的選擇原則 22
4.2.3 零件表面加工方法的..