長三角產(chǎn)業(yè)外遷的動力機制研究

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摘要：產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移是近現(xiàn)代以來世界經(jīng)濟進(jìn)程中的一個重要經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象。自發(fā)達(dá)國家向發(fā)展中國家呈梯度、依次序開展的國際產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移已經(jīng)歷了數(shù)次高潮,具有相當(dāng)?shù)膹V度與深度。而在中國內(nèi)部,改革開放以來,繼東部地區(qū)憑沿海地理優(yōu)勢率先承接國外產(chǎn)業(yè)移入并迅速實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟騰飛后,隨著東部地區(qū)要素成本的不斷攀升和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境的日益緊縮,一場由東部向中西部地區(qū)開展的區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移大潮也隨之興起。區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移在當(dāng)前中國經(jīng)濟背景下具有深遠(yuǎn)的現(xiàn)實意義和重大的研究價值。它既是幫助落后地區(qū)實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟跨越式發(fā)展的必然途徑,又是推動發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的有力手段,是推動中國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟向均衡化、合理化邁進(jìn)的一項重要舉措,也是保持中國經(jīng)濟長遠(yuǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力的關(guān)鍵所在。
本文研究的是長江三角洲區(qū)域內(nèi)的產(chǎn)業(yè)外遷。文章闡述了產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移理論發(fā)展及國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)外遷動力的研究成果。通過描述長江三角洲產(chǎn)業(yè)現(xiàn)狀問題來分析產(chǎn)業(yè)外遷的原因，包括企業(yè)自身的外遷動力源泉，行業(yè)的動力源泉以及來自政府的動力源泉。文章基于長三角江浙滬三個省份2003－2012年稅收、土地、勞動力成本、環(huán)境成本等數(shù)據(jù)，將地區(qū)和企業(yè)層面特征綜合納入同一個研究框架，采用eviews分析工具，使用固體效應(yīng)模型中的變系數(shù)模型從微觀層面揭示了長三角內(nèi)部產(chǎn)業(yè)外遷的動力機制。研究結(jié)果表明：（１）勞動力成本、稅收成本以及環(huán)境成本對產(chǎn)外遷的影響較大；（２）土地成本對產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的影響程度較小。
針對此現(xiàn)狀,本文提出了對于類似于產(chǎn)業(yè)遷出地在面對本地產(chǎn)業(yè)外遷時所采取的對策及措施，而對于安徽等產(chǎn)業(yè)遷入地的所采取的對策，從而進(jìn)一步推動中國區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移，促進(jìn)國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)遷移的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。



關(guān)鍵詞：長江三角洲 產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移 動力機制 對策


ABSTRACT: Industrial transfer was an important economic phenomenon in recent process of world economy. The international industrial transfer, in which industries flow from developed countries to developing countries, has come to climaxes several times. Within China, regional industrial transfer is also growing up, in which industries flow from developed regions to underdeveloped regions. The transfer is a, result of factor cost increase and deterioration of development environment in eastern regions after its economic liftoff. Regional industrial transfer bears great realistic meaning and important research value against the background of China's economic performance. It's the only way for backward regions to the great-leap-forward development, and also a powerful means for developed regions to the adjustment of industrial structure. It's an important measure to a coordinated development of regional economies and the key to sustainable development in China.
This study is the relocation industry Yangtze River Delta region. Paper describes the theoretical development and transfer of industry relocation of the domestic industry dynamics research. By describing the status of the Yangtze River Delta industrial problems to analyze the reasons for the relocation of industries, including the relocation of their own power source, power source industry and the power source from the government. Based on the Yangtze River Delta provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and three articles 2003-2012 taxation, land, labor costs, environmental costs and other data, the regional and enterprise level features integrated into the framework of the same study, using eviews analysis tools, the use of solid-effects model of change coefficient model reveals the Yangtze River from the micro-level dynamic mechanism of internal relocation industry. The results show that: the larger (1) labor costs, tax costs and the environmental impact of the relocation costs of production; lesser extent, (2) the cost of land for industrial transfer.For this situation, we propose a similar Anhui and other industries to move into the transfer of measures to further promote China's regional industrial transfer.
For this situation, we propose to move out of the industry in the face of similar measures and measures taken by the relocation of local industries, and countermeasures to be taken by the industry to move to Anhui, China to further promote regional industrial transfer and promote the further development of the domestic industry to migrate.

KEY WORDS: Yangtze River Delta Dynamic Mechanism Industrial transfer Countermeasure


目 錄
一、引言 1
二、與產(chǎn)業(yè)外遷相關(guān)概念理論 2
（一）產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的概念 2
（二）產(chǎn)業(yè)外遷理論追溯 3
（三）國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)外遷動力研究 3
三、長江三角洲產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的主要問題 4
1、資本撤離實業(yè) 部分中小企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型失敗 4
2、產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化初步顯現(xiàn) 5
3、制造業(yè)信心不足 5
4、產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化范圍擴大 5
5、冬眠企業(yè)不斷增加 5
四、長三角產(chǎn)業(yè)外遷動力源泉分析 6
（一）企業(yè)自身動力源泉 6
1、企業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級 6
2、企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力提高發(fā)展迅速，企業(yè)規(guī)模擴大 6
（二）行業(yè)動力源泉 9
1、勞動力成本 9
2、工業(yè)競爭激烈 10
（三）政府動力源泉 12
1、環(huán)境成本 12
2、稅收成本 12
3、土地成本 13
五、綜述各種動力對長三角制造業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)遷移的影響程度 13
（一）變量的選取 13
（二）模型的建立 14
六、研究結(jié)論與對策建議 16
（—）研究結(jié)論 16
（二）對策 16
1、面向長三角地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)外遷的對策建議 1..