非正式制度與社會沖突.doc
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非正式制度與社會沖突,頁數(shù)：15字?jǐn)?shù)：17156本文把道德、宗教、禮儀、典籍文化和宗法制度看作非正式制度，分析這些制度對社會穩(wěn)定的影響。（1）宗教產(chǎn)生的根源是人們對不確定性的恐懼，因此，宗教具有降低不確定性的作用。宗教與邪教之間、宗教與迷信之間，并沒有人類理性意義上所能夠確定的界限。把各種宗教約束在一...
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非正式制度與社會沖突
頁數(shù)：15 字?jǐn)?shù)：17156
非正式制度與社會沖突
本文把道德、宗教、禮儀、典籍文化和宗法制度看作非正式制度，分析這些制度對社會穩(wěn)定的影響。（1）宗教產(chǎn)生的根源是人們對不確定性的恐懼，因此，宗教具有降低不確定性的作用。宗教與邪教之間、宗教與迷信之間，并沒有人類理性意義上所能夠確定的界限。把各種宗教約束在一個(gè)有限的、確定的范圍里，使我們的社會穩(wěn)定地實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。（2）禮儀是人們通過程式化言行交流某種信息，以求得生存環(huán)境的秩序化、消除對環(huán)境的陌生感、降低環(huán)境的不確定性的行為類型。禮儀有可能發(fā)揮穩(wěn)定社會的作用。（3）道德是依靠羞恥感來維持的人們的自律性行為規(guī)則。傳統(tǒng)社會中道德自律的巨大壓力使其成為穩(wěn)定社會的主要力量。在現(xiàn)代社會，道德所能發(fā)揮的穩(wěn)定社會的作用受到很大限制。（4）在較為封閉的鄉(xiāng)村社會中，宗法關(guān)系支撐著一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的社會結(jié)構(gòu)。只有在鄉(xiāng)村宗法關(guān)系受到干擾，舊的利益均衡被打破時(shí)，宗族械斗才可能發(fā)生。
The moral, religion, rite, bible record, and patriarchal clan system are regarded as informal institutes in this essay. It is important to analyze these institutes for explanation of social stability or confliction. (1) The offspring of religion is the trepidation for the uncertainty, and so religion has a function of diminishing the degree of uncertainty. There are no hard lines between religion and cult and that of between religion and superstition, in human mentality. It is positive for social stability to limiting the extension of religion, but it is no necessary and even dangerous to seek eliminating the religions. (2) Rite is a type of human behavior, which can communicate some important information among people, and can make the surroundings in order. Proper rite is propitious to social stability. (3) Moral is a set of rules of behavior with the function of shame feelings. In the traditional society, moral could play an important role in maintaining social integration, and in the periods of transition of the social structure the moral function seem unimportant. (4) In the closed rural society, patriarchal clan system supports a stable social structure. Only in terms of destruction onto traditional rural order taking place, and the old benefit equilibrium is tipped, fierce confliction among different clan will take place.
關(guān)注鄉(xiāng)村社會沖突，不能不關(guān)注鄉(xiāng)村社會中的非正式制度的影響。相對而言，非正式制度的影響在鄉(xiāng)村要大于城市，因此，本文論列的非正式制度主要在鄉(xiāng)村社會。本文的分析方法主要是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的方法。通常，非正式制度也被學(xué)者們看作一個(gè)社會的文化狀態(tài)（樊綱，
頁數(shù)：15 字?jǐn)?shù)：17156
非正式制度與社會沖突
本文把道德、宗教、禮儀、典籍文化和宗法制度看作非正式制度，分析這些制度對社會穩(wěn)定的影響。（1）宗教產(chǎn)生的根源是人們對不確定性的恐懼，因此，宗教具有降低不確定性的作用。宗教與邪教之間、宗教與迷信之間，并沒有人類理性意義上所能夠確定的界限。把各種宗教約束在一個(gè)有限的、確定的范圍里，使我們的社會穩(wěn)定地實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。（2）禮儀是人們通過程式化言行交流某種信息，以求得生存環(huán)境的秩序化、消除對環(huán)境的陌生感、降低環(huán)境的不確定性的行為類型。禮儀有可能發(fā)揮穩(wěn)定社會的作用。（3）道德是依靠羞恥感來維持的人們的自律性行為規(guī)則。傳統(tǒng)社會中道德自律的巨大壓力使其成為穩(wěn)定社會的主要力量。在現(xiàn)代社會，道德所能發(fā)揮的穩(wěn)定社會的作用受到很大限制。（4）在較為封閉的鄉(xiāng)村社會中，宗法關(guān)系支撐著一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的社會結(jié)構(gòu)。只有在鄉(xiāng)村宗法關(guān)系受到干擾，舊的利益均衡被打破時(shí)，宗族械斗才可能發(fā)生。
The moral, religion, rite, bible record, and patriarchal clan system are regarded as informal institutes in this essay. It is important to analyze these institutes for explanation of social stability or confliction. (1) The offspring of religion is the trepidation for the uncertainty, and so religion has a function of diminishing the degree of uncertainty. There are no hard lines between religion and cult and that of between religion and superstition, in human mentality. It is positive for social stability to limiting the extension of religion, but it is no necessary and even dangerous to seek eliminating the religions. (2) Rite is a type of human behavior, which can communicate some important information among people, and can make the surroundings in order. Proper rite is propitious to social stability. (3) Moral is a set of rules of behavior with the function of shame feelings. In the traditional society, moral could play an important role in maintaining social integration, and in the periods of transition of the social structure the moral function seem unimportant. (4) In the closed rural society, patriarchal clan system supports a stable social structure. Only in terms of destruction onto traditional rural order taking place, and the old benefit equilibrium is tipped, fierce confliction among different clan will take place.
關(guān)注鄉(xiāng)村社會沖突，不能不關(guān)注鄉(xiāng)村社會中的非正式制度的影響。相對而言，非正式制度的影響在鄉(xiāng)村要大于城市，因此，本文論列的非正式制度主要在鄉(xiāng)村社會。本文的分析方法主要是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的方法。通常，非正式制度也被學(xué)者們看作一個(gè)社會的文化狀態(tài)（樊綱，
