大跨度門式、橋式起重機行走偏斜自動檢測及糾偏機構(gòu)設(shè)計

19800字                 32頁



目   錄


中文摘要 Ⅰ

ABSTRACT Ⅱ

1緒論 1

  1.1 課題的研究意義 1

  1.2 國內(nèi)外的研究成果 1

 2 起重機啃軌原因及危害的研究 3

 2.1 啃軌的現(xiàn)象和程度判斷 3

   2.1.1啃軌的現(xiàn)象 3

   2.1.2啃軌程度的判斷 3

 2.2 啃軌的危害 4

   2.3 起重機啃軌原因的探究及解決方法 4

 3 起重機橋架水平剛性與糾偏控制的關(guān)系 11

 3.1 自動糾偏需要加大起重機的水平剛性 11

 3.2 加大起重機橋架水平剛性的的作用 11

 3.3 加大起重機水平剛性的措施 12

 4 行車糾偏裝置設(shè)計 13

 4.1 糾偏原理設(shè)計 13

 4.2 糾偏裝置硬件構(gòu)成 15

     4.2.1 傳感器的選擇 15

     4.2.2 PLC的選擇 17

     4.2.3 變頻器的選擇 18

 4.3 糾偏裝置設(shè)計實現(xiàn) 19

     4.3.1 糾偏裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 19

     4.3.2 糾偏裝置的電氣參數(shù)設(shè)置 21

     4.3.3 糾偏控制的電氣實現(xiàn)方法 22

 4.4 糾偏控制程序設(shè)計 24

5 結(jié)論 28

參考文獻 29




摘    要


起重機是現(xiàn)代化大生產(chǎn)中許多工礦企業(yè)必不可少的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。對于大跨度的橋式和門式等橋架類型起重機來說，由于諸多原因在運行車輪經(jīng)常會發(fā)生不同程度的跑偏或啃軌現(xiàn)象。

本文研究發(fā)現(xiàn)起重機啃軌一般是由于車架或軌道誤差，造成起重機車輪不能沿著軌道的中心行走，逐漸走偏而發(fā)生啃軌。文中討論和分析了起重機啃軌的現(xiàn)象的各種原因，并且提出一種適用于起重機分別驅(qū)動型式的車輪的主動變頻糾偏方案：使用大車車架上靠近車輪的4個傳感器檢測車輪的偏轉(zhuǎn)，偏轉(zhuǎn)信號經(jīng)過PLC（Programmble Logic Controller）計算輸出電壓信號來調(diào)整左右驅(qū)動電機變頻器的輸出頻率，通過變頻調(diào)速改變電機轉(zhuǎn)速，以實現(xiàn)驅(qū)動車輪的自動糾偏，防止起重機因走偏而啃軌，并設(shè)計了基于變頻控制的起重機自動糾偏裝置。




關(guān)鍵詞：起重機，啃軌，糾偏，變頻調(diào)速


ABSTRACT


Crane is a necessary equipment in most industrial and mining enterprises in the modern world. The wheels of the wide span brigde cranes and gantry cranes always run off of the rail track for different reasons.

This paper finds out that the off-tracking of Crane is due to the errors of the frame or the trail. The author of this paper has discussed and analysised the reasons for the off-tracking, and he also has brought up an active frequency straightening project, which enable the cranes to solve the off-tracking problem. In this paper discussion the phenomenon and reasons of rail cranes, propose to use frequency control a system to correct the off-tracking of crane: to use of four sensors near the wheels detect the deflection of vehicles move, PLC calculated the deflection signal to adjust the output voltage signal around the drive motor inverter output frequency, through the frequency control change motor speed to achieve the drive wheels automatically correcting, reduce the wheel flange wear and tear, in this way to prevent off-tracking of crane.And design a crane automatically correcting device based on the frequency control


  

Key words：Crane, off-tracking of Crane,Rectify a Deviation,Frequency Control